Žilinská univerzita v Žiline
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Item Study of reinforcement design h-profile of aircraft wing spar(University of Zilina, 2020) Pecho, Pavol; Magdolenová, Paulína; Hrúz, Michal; Kováčik, Pavel; Škvareková, IvetaIn today's world, with ever-increasing safety requirements, there is a growing demand to maintain or reduce production costs. In aviation, in addition to factors like weight and related variables such as resistance to vibration, corrosion, temperature and other are also considered. The task of this paper is to analyse unconventional designs of wing beams with respect to the current requirements of the aviation industry. In the article, the authors analyse the possibilities of design modification either by adding ribs to the profile, or by changing the cross-section of the profile itself. In practice, such design changes would increase weight, production time and finances, but also increase strength and thus safety. All proposed changes were subjected to strength analyses by FEM (Finite element method) computer simulations. The article output is the selection of suitable designs for further observation and experimental verification to ensure comprehensive results for the possibility of implementation in practice. Despite the non-traditional shapes of the proposed wing beam cross-sections, the authors assume that traditional beam shapes will be gradually modified more efficiently.Item Experimental state of thrust testing of aircraft reciprocating internal combustion engine(University of Zilina, 2020) Mrva, Matúš; Pecho, Pavol; Hrúz, Michal; Škvareková, Iveta; Bugaj, MartinThe project “Experimental State of Thrust Testing of Aircraft Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engine” is aimed at creating a complex measuring device in order to obtain selected characteristics and parameters of the engine using different types of propellers. In addition to the basic measured parameters such as. thrust, temperature, speed and fuel flow will be a state of the art to test the latest prototype propellers designed for aircraft models. After its construction, the experimental state will be used as a study aid for testing various types of conventional as well as currently developed propellers, engine characteristics and teaching of the whole equipment in the process of teaching, training of aircraft mechanics and for presentation purposes of the University of Žilina.Item VPLYV PODSVIETENIA PALUBNÝCH PRÍSTROJOV NA PILOTOV(Žilinská univerzita v Žiline, 2020) Škvareková, Iveta; Brezoňáková, Andrea; Kandera, BranislavThe Flight deck of a modern transport category aircraft is a highly refined, ergonomically; rigorously organised workplace. In such a small area, an extraordinary amount of information is required for the pilot to work, control and monitor the aircraft systems. With technological advances, however, the aircraft has become more and more complex and in some cases over automated. The amount of available information has increased and the limiting factor became how to efficiently display this information. Larger flight instrument displays have replaced conventional, analogue, instruments and can be combined with touch screen efficiency tools. Their ever-increasing size brings with them issues relating to light emissions and eye absorption. This research paper complements the current study and measurement of stress, fatigue and human factors with respect to increasing artificial light intensity experienced by Pilots on the Flight Deck. The authors present the results of several measurements taken using a flight simulator. For the purpose of our research, we decided to use eye monitoring technology to record eye movements to determine the pilot's performance. Eye monitoring provides data on the number of eye movements, fixations and the durations of these. The research results provide Air Operators, Airlines and aeronautical designers with valuable data on human behaviour and the reactions to Flight Deck environmental changes.Item NÁVRH METODIKY VÝCVIKU A UDRŽATEĽNOSTI SCHOPNOSTÍ PILOTÁŽE BEZPILOTNÝCH LIETAJÚCICH PROSTRIEDKOV(Žilinská univerzita v Žiline, 2020) Ažaltovič, Viliam; Škvareková, Iveta; Kandera, BranislavWhile the density of UAVs operations grow in the airspace the demands on their safe operation are increasing. Nowadays, the risk of an unmanned aerial vehicle colliding with an aircraft with another unmanned aerial vehicle or object is high as ever before. It is this ever-increasing danger that is the reason for training remote pilots, who will be able to safely control unmanned aerial vehicles. The goal of this article is to propose a pilot training methodology for the multicopter configuration of UAV. In the future, the proposed methodology may contribute to the development of rules for the training of remote pilots. The proposed methodology can be used in the future as a guide for the safe operation of unmanned aerial vehicles for the general public.Item EFEKTIVITA VÝCVIKU PILOTOV NA DIAĽKU(Žilinská univerzita v Žiline, 2020) Kandera, Branislav; Škvareková, Iveta; Ažaltovič, ViliamAlthough the topic of unmanned aerial vehicles is very acutal, in most cases attention is paid to the safe integration of unmanned aerial vehicles in airspace, their uses and their reliability. But the safe operation of drones is based on the correct and effective training of drone pilots. The paper deals with the training of pilots of unmanned aerial vehicles, defining the scope of training and the possibilities of using UAV simulators for training. An important aspect is the complexity of knowledge about unmanned aerial vehicles, as training is not only a question of control skills, but also of theoretical knowledge of the UAV itself with which the flight is performed. Based on the measured data, it is clear that the simulator plays an important role during the training of piloting unmanned aerial vehicles, while providing a valuable basis for the transition to a type of fixed-wing flight configuration.Item ASSESSMENT OF THE MENTAL STATE OF PILOTS(Žilinská univerzita v Žiline, 2020) Kandera, Branislav; Chodelka, Frederik; Škvareková, IvetaThe main aim of this article is to define and evaluate current status of the problem, to point out insufficient or even missing mental health examinations of pilots and possible fatal consequences including air accidents caused by pilots’ mental health. According to actual regulations, mental health examinations are being provided only during the first aero-medical examination when applying for first class medical certificate. Today, the mental health is not being evaluated even during the regular examinations for the first class certificate neither for other classes certificates. The mental state of pilots is almost never checked which can mean a real danger for civil aviation. The results of not controlling mental state of pilots might lead to fatal accidents and innocent lives losses. The analysis of air accidents covered in this thesis is based on accidents’ investigations final reports and other relevant sources. Also, the knowledge gained from interviews with experts is applied. Even though the air accidents caused by psychical state of pilots are infrequent, the examinations of pilots’ mental health should not definitely be underrated and neglected.Item FMEA ANALYSIS OF AUTOMATIC RESCUE PARASCHUTE SYSTEM FOR CIVIL AVIATION(Žilinská univerzita v Žiline, 2020) Pecho, Pavol; Gáborová, Miroslava; Škvareková, Iveta; Ažaltovič, ViliamThe article analyzes the topic of rescue parachute systems, with a focus on pilot parachutes used by civic aviation pilots in emergency situations. The work is in addition to pilot parachutes, focused and most ballistic rescue systems for aircraft and firing parachute systems, which fulfill an equally important role in aviation. The issue was analyzed by FMEA analysis, which was applied to the automatic rescue system. The outcome of this study is the evaluation criteria of current technical systems to reduce the risk number “R”. For each of the safety enhancement solutions, the article contains a separate proposal for technical improvements that are suitable for implementation in practice. Such solutions ultimately represent an increase in civil aviation safety as such.Item THE MEASUREMENT OF PILOT WORKLOAD(Žilinská univerzita v Žiline, 2020) Škvareková, Iveta; Ažaltovič, Viliam; Pecho, Pavol; Kandera, BranislavThe article is focused on objective measurement of pilot workload during IFR flight. For the purpose of our research, we decided to use eye monitoring technology to record eye movements to determine the pilot's performance. Eye monitoring provides data on the number of eye movements,number of visual intakes, number of saccades, number of blinks, fixations and the durations of these. Our study incorporated overall six pilots divided into two groups: the experienced and inexperienced. The measurements were performed on the ELITE S923 flight simulator located at Žilina airport, Dolný Hričov. Measurement and analysis of the data showed that the pilots showed significant deviations when comparing the two pilot samples. We also demonstrated various scanning techniques during ILS and NDB approaches. The conclusion of our work summarizes the measurement results and the use of eye track technology in the future.Item PRAVDEPODOBNOSŤ NEHODY BEZPILOTNÉHO LETECKÉHO PROSTRIEDKU NA ZEMI V OBÝVANEJ OBLASTI(Žilinská univerzita v Žiline, 2020) Ažaltovič, Viliam; Škvareková, Iveta; Pecho, Pavol; Kandera, BranislavThe study in this paper defines the amount of the possible ground casualty risk of randomly falling out-of-control UAV on a picked flight path, which was defined from the city of Žilina to the city of Martin, which were 29 km apart. For this area, the probability of a third party casualties caused by lose of control during the flight of UAV, was calculated. For these calculations was used the Equivalent Level of Safety approach. The conclusion provides recommendations for safety improvements during planning flight routes for unmanned aerial vehicles.Item ROZPTÝLENIE POZORNOSTI PILOTA GNSS PRIJÍMAČOM POČAS VFR LETU(Žilinská univerzita v Žiline, 2020) Ondrejková, Ivana; Škvareková, IvetaThe main goal of this paper is to propose a methodology for measuring the distraction of pilot attention by GNSS receivers during flight in visibility. To carry out future research, we will use a vision tracking device, thanks to which we can monitor the collocation of the pilot's attention during individual tasks. There search will be attended by three pilots in training, according to the number of flying hours, they will be classified as beginner, intermediate and advanced. Testing will take place on the flight simulator L410 UVP-E20, which is located in the premises of LVVC ŽU at the airport in Dolný Hričov. The aim of the work will be to find out if and how much the GNSS receiver disturb the pilot during the flight in the flight level and during the visual approach to landing regarding to his experience and the number of flying hours. Subsequent analysis of the data provided by the questionnaires showed that a pilot with more flying hours, detailed theoretical knowledge and longer experience with a GNSS receiver should be less disturbe and should be able to effectively distribute his attention among all instruments. While a pilot with less number of flying hours without theoretical knowledge and previous experience with a GNSS receiver should be disturbed and inconsistent during visual landing.