Žilinská univerzita v Žiline

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    Long-range UAV hybrid petrol-electric powertrain
    (University of Žilina, 2023) Uhlár, Erik; Pecho, Pavol
    Along with increasing UAV both weight load and endurance requirements, there is a need to use alternative propulsion solutions, to satisfy the market as well as various customer applications. Although lithium polymer cells are yet well developed, they are still too heavy for long-endurance UAV missions. Hybrid petrol-electric powertrains are outstanding imitations of hybrid hydrogen-electric propulsion systems, which are currently under intensive development. Not only for their onboard power production and improved overall efficiency but also for simulating a weight load of a future hydrogen-electric system. Therefore, such a system is being tested and aimed to be used in fixed-wing UAVs for long-endurance missions. This paper describes the design and operation of a hybrid petrol-electric propulsion system and further operational optimization based on comprehensive ground testing.
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    New trends in UAV construction
    (University of Žilina, 2023) Iakovlieva, Anastasiia; Bugaj, Martin
    Aviation is one of the fastest developing segments of transport, the development of which did not bypass the construction of unmanned aerial vehicles. The main purpose of this paper is to analyze current trends that may affect the development of unmanned aircrafts in civil aviation. For the purpose of researching new trends in the construction of unmanned aerial vehicles, is needed to define today's state of development and also to divide UAVs by the type. In conclusion, the goal of the article is to define the direction in which the development of construction solutions is currently going and what the potential development in the use of UAVs new trends can bring.
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    Detekcia rušenia signálu GNSS na letiskách
    (University of Žilina, 2023) Velčický, Ján; Novák, Andrej
    Although the Global Navigation Satellite System provides an increased precision in instrument approaches, it is vulnerable to various signal interferences causing either decreased position accuracy or a complete loss of GNSS signal reception. One of the major threats to a GNSS receiver is the intentional interference known as jamming. Incoming airplanes can be seriously endangered by such signal loss. This bachelor’s thesis addresses the detection and classification of possible unintentional and intentional interference and spoofing attacks on airplanes in proximity to the airdrome Žilina. Besides that, other systems which show sufficient reliability are compared. Additionally, critical parts of RNP approach chart map are evaluated. Finally, a device called HackRF ONE is selected to be put in aerodrome proximity for detection of possible GNSS interference. Using this software defined radio as unmanned aerial vehicle alarm and protection system is another suggested possibility.
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    Danger of icing when operating unmanned aerial vehicles
    (University of Žilina, 2022) Ondrejková, Ivana; Kandera, Branislav
    The paper examines icing on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) during the flight. We chose the Mavic Pro and Mavic 2 Pro UAV by company DJI to carry out the research. Research flights are performed during the early morning hours with meteorological conditions suitable for icing. We use the AirData application to analyse flight data. The aim of the work is to find out how dangerous icing is, what meteorological conditions are suitable for icing, how fast icing is formed during the operation of an unmanned aircraft and how it is possible to suppress or eliminate icing. In introduction of this work elaborated theoretical knowledge about the formation of icing and its types. Subsequently, the negative effects of icing on the flight are described, such as changes in lift, drag, controllability of the aircraft and others. The following section describes the accidents of UAV due to the impact of icing. After analysing the data from the mentioned application, we proposed recommendations for pilots of UAV. Before the flight, we recommend checking the meteorological forecast, focusing on the temperature and humidity at the flight area, usually up to 120 meters above the Earth surface. In-flight recommendations include monitoring rotation speed of propellers and frequent inspection of propellers in meteorological conditions suitable for icing and others.
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    Výcvik pilotov bezpilotných prostriedkov
    (University of Zilina, 2022) Kováčiková, Kristína; Kandera, Branislav; Kováčiková, Martina
    Unmanned aerial vehicles are a part of a fast-growing aviation sector that has the potential to create new jobs as well as economic growth in the individual countries of the European Union. Unmanned aerial vehicle is a relatively new concept compared to the aircraft and it is possible to still find shortcomings in pilot training. The aim of the scientific paper is to map the current state of pilot training regarding unmanned aerial vehicles and to determine the level of demand for the implementation of an unmanned aerial vehicle flight simulator in the flight training of pilots of unmanned aerial vehicles at the Department of Air Transport at the University of Žilina.
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    Monitoring of technical state of unmanned aerial vehicles
    (University of Zilina, 2022) Lagin, Samuel; Kandera, Branislav
    The aim of this work is to study current possibilities of monitoring the technical state of the unmanned aircraft from the most basic activities to the more advanced aircraft systems. Partial goal is to create a simple general maintenance checklist for cases when the manufacturer does not publish any maintenance procedures, or the manufacturer is the owner and pilot of the aircraft, in case of DIY aircraft. Theoretical part is devoted to description of most common components of current UAVs and their possible failures and stating current possibilities for maintaining awareness of the technical state of the aircraft prior to, during and after the execution of a flight. Second part will state how to extract the flightlogs and what tools can be used to analyze them. The result of this work is creating general maintenance checklists as well as stating the information about the process of modifying this checklist for the UAV in question. Mentioned checklists will be created for pre-flight, post-flight and regular maintenance check.
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    Rozbor bezpečnosti letov UAV a konspekt aktuálnych legislatívnych požiadaviek
    (University of Žilina, 2021) Škultéty, Filip; Kandera, Branislav; Janovec, Michal
    Despite the recent legislation, which has been formed in the last five years to its current form, the safety for the UAV operation is borne by the pilot, as he/she is the one who is responsible for the direction of UAV movement thus for any collision. For this reason, it is necessary to increase the safety of UAV operations outside the duties and competencies of the pilot at a distance, for example, through anti-collision systems and air traffic management systems. This article was initially focused on analysing aviation events in Slovakia associated with the operation of the UAV. Another factor that significantly affects the operation of UAVs to a large extent is the legislation itself. A special part was devoted to the legislation in terms of airspace determination, procedures and rules of operation of the UAV. From a legislative point of view, it is currently an important aspect to define the correct and reasonable level between the restrictions in order to increase the safety of operation only on an indispensable scale, not to be very restrictive to operators.
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    Inspecting activities with unmanned aerial vehicles in the energy industry
    (University of Zilina, 2021) Beszédes, Vladim; Kandera, Branislav
    The paper acquaints the reader with the use of unmanned aerial vehicles in the energy industry. The first chapter is devoted to the distribution of unmanned aerial vehicles and the distribution of energy as a sector where, according to individual categories, the activities of UAVs in a specific category are described. The second chapter discusses in detail the situation in Slovakia, what legislative acts are subject to inspection activities and to what extent the use of UAV is represented in individual categories of energy in Slovakia. In the following pages, we performed an exemplary high-voltage inspection flight and described the necessary steps to perform a safe flight. In the last fourth chapter, the findings and findings related to the paper and the final summary are evaluated.
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    Design of UAV detection system utilizing communication monitoring
    (University of Zilina, 2021) Brodniansky, Martin; Novák, Andrej
    Aim of the paper is to design a system capable of detecting unmanned aerial vehicles utilizing radio communication sensing. The need to detect UAVs is caused by combination of their compact size, sensing capabilities, autonomous nature, ways of misusing them or their spread among unprofessional users unaware of their own risky handling of UAV. All these factors can lead to serious security threats and risk to human lives or infrastructure. In this paper, radio communication detection system is proposed as part of a robust system where radio detection is supplemented by other methods, to maximise probability of UAV detection. Significant attention was dedicated to deeper analysis of current progress in the area of radio communication detection systems as well as acoustic, visual and radar detection. Based on this analysis, all systems were compared together based on probability of detection and distances of detection. Comparation together with different properties of detection methods were basic stepping stone for final system proposal. Robust detection system was successfully designed with radio detection as its primary component, radar detection serving primarily as localizer of UAV, acoustic system serving as backup for detection of UAVs without radio communication and visual system for final confirmation of UAV, its model and presence of camera or load
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    New threats in security
    (University of Zilina, 2021) Kundráthová, Natália; Lysina, Karol
    The article is focused on modern threats in the department of security. The urge to address this issue is due to growing occurrence of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) all around the world. The operation of these vehicles is also closely linked to incidents that threaten security, but the most serious are increasing numbers of incidents connected to operation of UAV. For correct processing, it is very important to define the basic concepts and facts related to the topic of UAV. Safety and security in general, are inseparable parts of air transport. Taking into account the constant development of aviation technology, especially in the department of UAV, it is necessary to know the emerging threats and pitfalls associated with the operation of UAV. The following chapters define in more detail the causes of incidents. Later on, we get to know various methods of detection and protection connected to operation of UAV using the comparative method. Key part of our paper is being formed by the analysis of current regulatory framework at European and national level. The result is a proposal for new legislation that could and also should be implemented in national regulations. All things considered, such legislation must meet all attributes necessary for the safe operation of UAV and protection against their illegal use.