Protection of enclosed university facilities in the european union against cbrn threats: lessons learned from past incidents and preparedness strategies

Abstract

The paper examines the protection of enclosed university facilities in the European Union against chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) threats. It analyses key incidents, such as the 2001 explosion at the AZF factory in Toulouse, the 2018 Novichok poisonings, and the 2018 ricin attack in Cologne. It explores current preparedness measures, including training initiatives and infrastructural improvements inspired by these events. The 2023 shooting at the Faculty of Arts of Charles University in Prague serves as a case study, highlighting the need for rapid response, effective communication and psychological support. The paper also proposes specific measures to enhance the security of universities and other higher education institutions. These measures include, among others, detection systems, entry control systems and cooperation with local authorities and agencies, aiming to minimise the risks posed by both CBRN and conventional threats.