Analýza vplyvu spätného tlaku výfukového systému na spotrebu paliva v dvojdobých motoroch

Abstract

Two-stroke engines have been known for a long time. Despite strong competition from four-stroke and electric engines, they continue to remain relevant. Their major advantage lies in their simple construction and favorable weight-to-power ratio. However, they suffer significantly in the area of combustion, where part of the fresh mixture escapes into the exhaust system. Therefore, it is important to study the phenomenon known as backpressure. By optimizing the backpressure of the exhaust system, higher combustion efficiency should be achieved. Since the need to improve combustion efficiency is a major concern from both economic and environmental perspectives, exhaust system optimization is essential. The aim is to determine, through the proposed testing on the P63 engine from a Trabant vehicle and the DLA 63 RC model engine, whether a well-designed exhaust system can help reduce these issues. The results demonstrate that a properly designed expansion chamber or correctly applied exhaust throttling can contribute to reducing fuel consumption and increasing combustion efficiency. At the same time, it is evident that an improperly designed exhaust system can worsen the addressed issues. The conclusions drawn from these experiments can serve in the future as a basis for improving combustion efficiency in practical applications of two-stroke engines.