Práce a štúdie - Vydanie 15

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://drepo.uniza.sk/handle/hdluniza/1116

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U-Space v podmienkach slovenskej republiky
(University of Žilina, 2024) Bejdáková, Natália; Pecho, Pavol
Unmanned aerial vehicles are a dynamically developing industry. With the increasing number of remotely piloted aircraft, emphasis is being placed on ensuring safe operation in shared airspace with manned aircraft. In the countries of the European Union, including Slovakia, the concept of U-Space is gradually being implemented. The bachelor thesis is focused on the analysis of the current situation in the operation of unmanned aircraft, current legislation, operation rules, and implementation of the U-Space concept in Slovakia. Attention is being concentrated on explaining the concept of U-Space and defining the services, including the responsibilities and obligations of the entities present in this system. The thesis proposes a set of possible implementation solutions to ensure more efficient and faster development in Slovakia. Based on relevant proposals, specific examples of how the situation would change after the implementation of the selected proposals are pointed out. An analysis of the findings based on collected data from the questionnaire is given to determine the level of awareness of the U-Space concept and the improvement of the educational situation in Slovakia. Finally, the technical and economic aspects of U-Space implementation are being evaluated and possible pros and drawbacks are identified.
Konštrukčná optimalizácia anténnych systémov UAS
(University of Žilina, 2024) Bernátová, Barbora; Pecho, Pavol
In this scientific article, we will focus on the impact of various material on radio signal attenuation. In the theoretical part, we will take a closer look at the history of unmanned aerial systems, basic types of unmanned aerial vehicles and their practical usage. Furthermore, this paper describes the advantages of using the UAV for calibration the ILS and describes how electromagnetic signal transmission works. In preparation for the practical part, the article explains frequency bands and antennas, used in UAV communication. In the experimental part, the properties of individual materials and their impact on the performance of the radio modules are analysed. The outcome of the work is an analysis of signal attenuation measurements at three different frequencies. The measurement results showed that the greatest signal attenuation in each case was caused by the carbon due its conductivity. In terms of strength and permeability, we found that the PET-G cover increased the signal strength compared to the measurements without the cover. This analysis may helps in the design of covers for antenna systems and the UAV construction that ILS will calibrate in the UHF frequency band.
Návrh technických úprav pre zvýšenie výkonu piestového motora hercules Teledyne 4A084
(University of Žilina, 2024) Bernáth, Martin; Čerňan, Jozef
This article concerns the investigation of the possibilities of increasing the power of the Hercules Teledyne 4A084 engine. The aim of this article is the proposal of technical modifications, that could be carried out on the engine in order to increase its power. In the introduction, the reader is informed about the piston engine in question. The article further takes a look on the effect of individual piston engine systems on performance. In the final part of the work, the ideal air flow through the carburetor for the Hercules engine is calculated, then modifications are proposed, which are expected to increase its performance. The modifications mainly concern the fuel system, the ignition system and the connection of the device for supercharging the engine.
Analýza prevádzkových rizík UAV
(University of Žilina, 2024) Cuker, Alex; Kandera, Branislav
This article focuses on a comprehensive analysis of the operational risks associated with the use of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS). The introductory section discusses the rapid development of UAS technology and the legislative framework governing their use, including the introduction of a UAS park at the University of Žilina. The main part of the article is dedicated to assessing the risks associated with UAS operations, where efforts were made to identify and consider all possible factors affecting safety. Challenges associated with rapidly changing technologies and external factors underscore the need for ongoing development and refinement of risk assessment methodologies, such as the Specific Operations Risk Assessment (SORA) developed by EASA, which was applied in this article. The work provides a foundation for creating a SORA analysis, essential for obtaining permissions for flights in the "specific" category.
Analýza monitorovania motorových prístrojov a činnosti pilota počas letov ifr
(University of Žilina, 2024) Farský, Jakub; Chodelka, Frederik
For safe flight, it is necessary for the pilot to be able to correctly divide his attention during flight between primary and secondary controls. An important part of this is a proper familiarisation with the aircraft and pre-flight preparation. Within this article, the equipment of the aircraft used for training at LVVC during IFR flights is presented in terms of the display of the engine instruments. The analysis of the activities reveals possible in-flight hazards that may affect the pilot's situational awareness during the execution of the flight. Observations on the simulator are used to determine the current state of situational awareness among the pilots in training and to address the problem encountered. The contribution of this thesis is the proposal of the application of scanflow to the monitoring of engine instruments and such measures that could help to increase situational awareness and thereby ensure a higher level of safety during the performance of flight activities.
Uplatnenie lietadiel rodiny Airbus A320 NEO a Boeing 737 MAX na európskom trhu
(University of Žilina, 2024) Helt, Marek; Chodelka, Frederik
An article is devoted to the application of the Airbus A320 NEO and Boeing 737 MAX family aircraft on the European market. It describes the history and origin of individual aircraft families, their technical parameters, the division of generations and a description of models. Consequently, common and different features of both families, their use and equipment are found in this work. The article also includes a section on methodology and methodologies, which describes what research methods were used in the work. The last chapters of the thesis are devoted to the disease Covid-19 and the impact on air transport. These chapters describe two crashes of 737 MAX aircraft and their subsequent return to service after grounding.
Napájanie avioniky liedadiel s klasickou avionikou a glass kokpit
(University of Žilina, 2024) Chmelan, Matúš; Novák, Andrej
The bachelor thesis focuses on the analysis of avionic systems and their power sources on board aircraft. It describes the evolution of the basics of avionic systems that have gradually evolved into their modern form and describes the standards that B2 licensees must meet to be authorized to perform maintenance on these systems. It focuses primarily on defining power system requirements from a safety and regulatory perspective. An analysis of glass cockpit designs from five avionics system manufacturers will be performed, comparing the cost, power consumption and compatibility of these products. The set of standards and regulations that each avionics system must meet to be eligible for civil operation will also be summarised. Finally, this thesis raises awareness of the entire process of development, maintenance, certification and operation of avionics systems and their power supplies.
Prevádzková bezpečnosť bezpilotných prostriedkov s elektrickým pohonom
(University of Žilina, 2024) Kalafut, Lukáš; Kandera, Branislav
The increasing adoption of electrically powered unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has raised concerns about their operational safety, particularly with regards to battery technology. Lithium-based batteries, commonly used in UAVs, pose unique safety challenges due to their potential for thermal runaway, overcharging, and physical damage. The aim of this paper is to investigate the operational safety of electrically powered UAVs, with a particular focus on their battery systems. Theoretical part discusses basic types of UAVs, their electric propulsion system and the different types of batteries used in UAVs, in particular their advantages and disadvantages as well as their composition. Then, the paper also briefly explores and introduces BMS technology and its functions. In the last section of this paper, we look at the principles and practices of proper battery handling.
Koncept vrtuľového propulzora pre široký rozsah rýchlosti letu
(University of Žilina, 2024) Ivan, Jakub; Čerňan, Jozef
This thesis is focused on creation of propeller concept for wide range of flight speed. The part, which is discussed in the thesis is creation of design for blade motion mechanization, that can reach variable diameters. Apart of creation of this design, the thesis offers historic overview of propeller development throughout the years. Mechanization is designed in 3D environment. The software used for design is Autodesk Inventor. Design isn´t calculated of given engine. The outcome of this thesis is to give perspective for constructers, whoever would want to construct this idea in reality, not 3D environment only. The design in 3D environment is working as it should and when motion is launched, blades are really changing the diameter. In the design study, radius difference between extended and reduced blades is more than 300 millimeters. Desing complies with the task.
Prepravné pravidlá a vykonávanie kontroly v leteckej doprave
(University of Žilina, 2024) Hricová, Karina; Novák Sedláčková, Alena
The paper focuses on transport rules and implementation of „security check“ in the air transport. Using specific examples, it explains seizure of prohibited items and shipments with illicit content. The reasons for seizure are described both from the perspective of aviation law in form of international legislation, and international organizations contributing to the legislation process or being part of transport. The key element of the paper is analysis of the „security check“ process and methods used until now, with the intention of providing a suggestion for implementing modern technologies in the process of „security check“.
Didaktické pomôcky veterného tunela
(University of Žilina, 2024) Hronská, Marta; Pecho, Pavol
The aim of the paper is to approach the issue of the flowing around didactic tools in the wind tunnel. Didactic tools are used for education and help in understanding the issue of aerodynamics. In the first part, the paper deals with theoretical knowledge about the wind tunnel and then describes the theory and laws of aerodynamics. The core of this work is the analysis of the given objects realized through numerical and experimental methods. By using CFD simulation of didactic tools, it was possible to obtain aerodynamic drag values, from which the values for the drag coefficient were calculated and then compared with tabular values from theory. Experimental verification of individual objects was carried out in a wind tunnel located at the Department of Air Transport in Dolný Hričov. The result of tests in the wind tunnel was the visualization of the air flow around the didactic aids. At the end of the work, both methods were compared and the reasons for deviations and inconsistencies were described.
Využitie poznatkov z leteckých navigačných súťaží v prostredí leteckého výcviku a vzdelávania
(University of Žilina, 2024) Liptajová, Kristína Jana; Škultéty, Filip
The research is devoted to the application of the knowledge and evaluation methods of the Air navigation race to flight training and education, with particular emphasis on the importance of pre-flight preparation and knowledge of visual cross-country navigation. The thesis aims to evaluate the navigation skills of the pilots (respondents), which was done using an objective method, i.e. measurements on a flight simulator. The respondents were divided according to flight experience and year of university studies into three groups. The results of the simulator measurements revealed an improvement in the navigation skills to many respondents. The thesis further includes a theoretical evaluation of the knowledge of students with an aeronautical background. The comparison of the result is based on the evaluation of paired questionnaires of the same scope and difficulty, with the difference that before the second questionnaire, the respondents received professional instruction on aeronautical navigation competitions and the principles of comparative navigation. Improvements in the students' theoretical knowledge results were observed for most respondents, two achieved the same result and there was no deterioration in either case.
Possibilities of increasing the aerodrome fire category of Žilina Airport to level 5
(University of Žilina, 2024) Kopúnek, Radovan; Kazda, Antonín
The aim of the article is to examine the possibilities of increasing the aerodrome fire category of the Žilina Airport to level 5 and to propose measures and recommendations necessary to achieve this goal. This can be achieved by analysing the currently valid legislation and regulations for the aerodrome fire category issued by the International Civil Aviation Organization and the European Union Aviation Safety Agency and comparing it with the current situation at the Žilina Airport in terms of operation and provision of the rescue and firefighting service. Subsequently, based on the comparison, the article determines a new critical aircraft type for the airport and proposes a set of measures and recommendations necessary to increase the aerodrome fire category of the Žilina Airport to level 5 with regard to the frequency of operation and financial possibilities of the airport.
New generation aircraft concepts and assessment of their design solutions
(University of Žilina, 2024) Matzenauer, Robert; Škultéty, Filip
The bachelor thesis is focused on new generation aircraft concepts, analysing new design solutions and technologies. At the same time, the thesis assesses the current state of development of aviation technology and prospectively presents new facts that can be expected in the near future in the context of civil aviation. In the perspective of new design solutions for transport aeroplanes, it first analyses the advantages resulting from a new type of blended wing body and transonic truss-braced wing design. In the context of conventional configuration aeroplanes, it discusses aeroplanes from the private jet sector and one specific piston engine aeroplane that competes with small jets in terms of its performance characteristics. The thesis also deals with urban air mobility, in the form of eVTOL flying vehicles, which aim to provide air transport in large cities and then compares them with each other in terms of their operational parameters. Finally, the thesis discusses the potential return of supersonic air transport, in the form of a new supersonic transport aircraft.
Plánovanie a postupy navigačných letov VFR
(University of Žilina, 2024) Legiň, Jakub; Chodelka, Frederik
Flying according to the visual flight rules is one of the fundamental requirements for every pilot license applicant. VFR cross-country flights combine the main principles of aviation practice, which a pilot needs to master during initial flight training. These principles encompass elements of piloting, navigation, and communication. The aim of this article is to present the basic legislative requirements related to VFR cross-country flights, including Rules of the Air defined by European regulations and the Aeronautical Information Services of the Slovak Republic. The article also describes the procedures for planning VFR cross-country flights, as well as innovative tools designed for flight planning and monitoring.
Analýza využitia pozemných rádionavigačných zariadení v civilnom letectve
(University of Žilina, 2024) Kontra, Leo; Chodelka, Frederik
The goal of this article is to showchase the different possibilities and ways to execute instrument navigation in civil aviation. Two general types of navigational aids and systems are presented, which are, on one hand the conventional, ground-based radionavigational aids and on the other hand, the more modern, satellite based systems. Differneces between them are explained together with their advantages and disadvantages. The current situation in this area is analysed, especially in Slovakia with its surrounding countries, and the changes in procedures that occur in time are noted. The next way of evolution in the future is also indicated based on commenced processes as well as the current legislation concerning this area. In the end readers of this article are given a brief introduction into this problematic containing the current trends of evolution.
Analýza palubného vybavenia moderných lietadiel
(University of Žilina, 2024) Mikolaj, Martin; Novák, Andrej
This bachelor's thesis provides a detailed overview of the development, history and current status of aircraft on-board equipment. The first part deals with the evolution of cockpits from their origins to modern technological trends and future challenges. The next part analyzes the standards, recommendations and certification processes, with an emphasis on the ergonomics of the cockpit design and the requirements of the international organization for civil aviation. The following section addresses pilot adaptation to new cockpit systems, taking into account factors such as human factors, training and automation risks. In the end, current trends, perspectives of future development and their possible impact on pilots and flight safety are evaluated.
Návrh hybridnej pohonnej jednotky pre experimentálny letún Straton D7
(University of Žilina, 2024) Longauer, Oliver; Čerňan, Jozef
The aim of this article is designing hybrid power unit for the needs of experimental aircraft Straton D7. Article describes different options of hybridization of power units on basis of their architecture and the function of electric component in relation to the whole power unit. Compares different designs of automotive and aircraft solutions of hybridization of power units. After that, article offers solution for hybrid engine of Straton D7 on basis of gained theoretical knowledge, comparison of shown conceptions and basic calculations, with the needs and predispostion of the original aircraft in its best interest.
Identifikácia rušenia GNSS signálu na letiskách
(University of Žilina, 2024) Paraska, Michal; Novák, Andrej
In this thesis, the interference of GNSS signals at airports was studied, identifying the main types of interference and their sources. Through a thorough analysis and reevaluation of experimental setups, effective detection methods and mitigation strategies were established. The findings emphasize the significant impact of interference on safety and operational efficiency in aviation. It is recommended to enhance signal integrity with advanced monitoring systems and to work with aviation regulatory authorities to update existing frameworks, ensuring reliable GNSS functionality in an increasingly congested environment.
Vývoj prístrojového vybavenia lietadiel všeobecného letectva
(University of Žilina, 2024) Uhríková, Peregrína; Kandera, Branislav
The bachelor's thesis is devoted to the development of general aviation aircraft instrumentation. It contains a detailed description of the principle of operation of individual elements of the analog instrument panel. The separate text is supplemented with pictorial material, where the structural part of the instrument elements is drawn in detail, thanks to which the reader can better understand the principle of work of the mentioned aircraft instruments. The next part of the work specifies the transition to digital instrument panels and it lists the advantages and disadvantages of the modern cockpit, as well as the reasons why general aircraft designers switch to the new instrument panel concept, the so-called glass cockpit. The elements of the digital instrument panel are characterized in the next part of the thesis, which describes individual types of display units – CRT, LCD and LED. It also deals with the individual elements that are found in digital instrument panels and also describes in more detail the MEMS technology that is the basis for the function of the modern cockpit concept. The bachelor´s thesis also deals with the historical development of the layout of the instrument panel and familiarizes the reader with the difference in visualization of information on individual instrument panels. This part of the work is supplemented with visual material, through which it is possible to become better acquainted with the display of data on the traditional and modern type of cockpit. The aim of the work is to create study material for students of the field focused on air transport and an interactive presentation for familiarization with the basic control of the Dynon SkyView digital instrument panel. The thesis also contains the methodology and methodology of the work, which defines what research methods were used in the thesis.