Krízový manažment - Ročník 22.; Číslo 1/2023

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://drepo.uniza.sk/handle/hdluniza/837

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Správa o konferenciách na KPI
(Žilinská univerzita v Žiline, 2023) Marková, Iveta; Svetlík, Jozef
The paper presents a report on conferences (ADVANCES IN FIRE & SAFETY ENGINEERING, FIRE PROTECTION & RESCUE SERVICES), which were aimed at presenting the latest knowledge in the field of fire and safety engineering. The focus of the conferences was also the solution of current issues in the field of higher education and professional training of future experts in the field of rescue services.
Politický systém a súčasná politická situácia v Bosne a Hercegovine: všeobecné voľby 2022
(Žilinská univerzita v Žiline, 2023) Vaššová, Tatiana
The aim of this article, based on an analysis of the political system of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the overall political situation in the country, is to assess the results of the general elections held there on October 2, 2022. These elections were probably the most watched elections of 2022, mainly because of the expected accession negotiations and the granting of the status of a European Union candidate country. The general election results were supposed to indicate whether Bosnia and Herzegovina is ready to join the ranks of developed democratic countries and whether it has finally become a functioning multi ethnic state. The methods of analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction, and generalization were used to achieve the set goal. In the end, we will point out the impact of the election results on the current political situation, which, however, does not foresee any changes compared to the current situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Identifikácia a hodnotenie problémových objektov cestnej infraštruktúry z hľadiska prejazdnosti hasičskej techniky
(Žilinská univerzita v Žiline, 2023) Leitner, Bohuš; Ballay, Michal; Krišanda, Ján
The paper contains the characteristics and results of the proposed procedure for the locations and specific objects of the transport infrastructure identification in the selected territory, which may have a negative impact on the conditions for the smooth passage of firefighting equipment. The aim of the paper is the presentation of a practically focused procedure for identifying problem areas and objects on land roads from the point of view of fast and safe transportation of emergency equipment to the scene of the incident. The article contains a description of the proposed, practically oriented, procedure designed to reveal the so-called permanent or temporary critical locations and selected results from its practical application to the emergency perimeter of the Liptovský Hrádok fire station
Individuální a kolektivní ochrana
(Žilinská univerzita v Žiline, 2023) Princ, Ivan
The current international military-political situation in the world, when the war in Ukraine has been going on for almost a year, shows the urgency of the issue of protecting the population. Moreover, one of the main measures to protect the population is individual and collective protection. This book takes the reader on a short historical tour of the genesis of individual and collective protection, introduces the currently established means of protection of the respiratory tract and body (skin), their development, testing, storage and treatment. In the professional publication, the authors also describe the basic means of decontamination and the medical equipment of the individual. A comprehensive part of the book is devoted to the issue of biological agents and medical and veterinary measures in emergency and crisis situations. Finally, yet importantly, the issue of sheltering the population in shelters, principles of construction of improvised shelters and activities in them is widely described in the publication. The authors also describe in detail the individual civil protection facilities and the main principles of operation of the staff of these facilities in crises. Emphasis is placed on activities in staff protective equipment dispensaries. This professional book is intended for the lay and professional public. This publication can be utilized as a source of information in the framework of the preparation of the population for the defense of the state, units of the Territorial Defense troops (Active Reserve Force), the state administration and territorial self-government, the components of the integrated rescue system and the professional staff of the civil protection facilities in crises.
Impact of fintech on systemic risk in banking: literature review
(Žilinská univerzita v Žiline, 2023) Petrík, Vladimír
The finance industry faces disruption when banks, as traditional incumbents, have to deal with growing competition from FinTech and BigTech companies. FinTech institutions are connected to traditional financial institutions like banks via various channels, constituting themselves as a part of the financial market and systemic risk with the possibility of spillover and risk contagion effects. The goal is to provide a literature review to detect theoretical perspectives, topics, and common issues in the connection between FinTech and systemic risk. A systematic approach to literature review was chosen, resulting in the analysis of 20 articles from the Web of Science database. Results confirm the positive connection between financial technology and systemic risk and call for future research.
Vplyv tepelného toku a retardérov horenia na proces iniciácie drevných materiálov
(Žilinská univerzita v Žiline, 2023) Harangózo, Jozef; Tureková, Ivana
The paper studies the effects of heat flow on the flammability of wood materials when flame retardants are applied. Beech and spruce wood samples were treated with phosphorus- and carbon-based flame retardants, namely NH4H2PO4 and KHCO3 salts. Retarders were applied by spraying them on the surface of the samples. After their thermal stabilization, the parameter time until the sample ignited when exposed to the action of a radiation panel set to a maximum power of 15 kW was investigated. The results were recorded at different distances of 50, 70, and 100 mm from the radiation panel. KHCO3 was identified as the retarder with the highest efficiency based on the obtained measurements. Thermal decomposition analysis indicated that the improvement in flame retardancy of the treated wood was achieved by dehydration of the polysaccharides and the formation of a protective char shield due to the cessation of heat and oxygen transfer.
Implementovanie testovania ochranných masiek do vyučovacieho procesu
(Žilinská univerzita v Žiline, 2023) Kubás, Jozef; Kollár, Boris
Personal protective equipment finds its application in the civil protection system, especially during emergencies with the release of a hazardous substance. In a crisis event requiring the use of personal protective equipment, it is necessary for people to be able to use this equipment. The most common means of protection in civil protection warehouses are protective masks. Therefore, in this article, we have focused on comparing the CM-4 type protective masks and the more modern CM-5 and CM-6 variants through pilot testing. We used practical exercises for students of the Faculty of Security Engineering within the Civil Protection course to obtain data that allowed us to compare the protective masks. The aim of this paper is also to present a developed testing method that can be used to evaluate protective masks focusing on subjective qualitative characteristics.
Porovnání koncepce jednotek požární ochrany obcí předurčených k plnění specifických úkolu ochrany obyvatelstva se zařízeními civilní ochrany
(Žilinská univerzita v Žiline, 2023) Belica, Ondřej
The article compares the fire rescue units of municipalities designated to perform specific tasks of civil protection with the civil protection facilities Basically it is a comparison of concepts based on the requirements of the relevant legal and other regulations, especially from the point of view of the possibility of using the compared entities, the requirements for their formation and the professional training of their personnel. Article turns out that the capabilities of both entities in fulfilling the tasks of civil protection and protection of the population are to some extent identical, they differ only in partial capabilities (e.g. providing first aid, anti-flood measures and pumping water, searching and recovering, etc.).
Optimalizácia dopravného plánovania plošnej evakuácie mikroregiónu aplikáciou metód riešenia dopravných úloh
(Žilinská univerzita v Žiline, 2023) Ballay, Michal; Gašparíková, Zuzana; Leitner, Bohuš
Distribution tasks represent a group of optimization problems, the goal of which is usually to minimize the total cost of transporting goods or people within various complex logistics processes. In the field of general evacuation, transport tasks appear to be a suitable tool for planning the optimal way of transporting evacuees from boarding points to evacuation centres. The aim of the paper is to demonstrate the possibilities of optimization procedures for distribution problems with a focus on planning and managing the transport planning in the area evacuation process, in which the HaZZ units can also be deployed as an assistance element, but rather the DHZ or DHZO units. The paper contains a proposal for the transportation of residents of a micro-region threatened by a flood during their evacuation to designated evacuation centres, supported by optimization calculations.
Analýza rizika iniciácie usadenej vrstvy prachu smreka vybranými iniciačnými zdrojmi
(Žilinská univerzita v Žiline, 2023) Tureková, Ivana; Marková, Iveta
The article evaluates the minimal initiation temperature and hot surface temperature of the spruce dust layer using selected ignition sources. The influence of selected physical properties of wood dust, the size of the contact area between the ignition source and the combustible material, the ignition time, and the thermally degraded area are monitored. The article describes the behaviour of a 15 mm beech dust layer (Beech Fagus silvatica L.) under the action of three potential initiating sources: a hot surface, an electric spiral, and a smouldering cigarette. Prior to the experimental determination of the minimum ignition temperature, the dust moisture was determined and the sieve analysis was performed. The lowest minimum ignition temperature on the hot plate was 280 °C. The ignition mechanism of wood dust was comparable for all initiators investigated, differing in the ignition time and the area of the thermally degraded layer. The least effective was the initiating source of the smouldering cigarette.
Emergence of the local reporting service in the former Czechoslovakia as an important part of civil air defence
(Žilinská univerzita v Žiline, 2023) Kyselák, Jan; Janošek, Miroslav
The article briefly deals with the genesis of the local reporting service as part of civil anti-aircraft protection established in former Czechoslovakia in the mid-1930s. The purpose of this service was, among other aspects, a reaction to the threat of the outbreak of the Second World War and the associated possible use of the then-German air forces in this war, which again began to take shape in the middle of this decade. The preparation of the article is based on a content analysis of contemporary materials (especially magazines, legal standards, professional publications, etc.) devoted to the given issue. The authors conclude that the concept of a local reporting service was viable for its time, corresponded to the possibilities of the state and, at the same time, the maturity of the technical means that could support the activity of this significant service.
Employee and managerial competences in logistics companies
(Žilinská univerzita v Žiline, 2023) Paweska, Marcin
The article presents the basic conditions for the functioning of logistics companies. The implications of globalisation processes have been strongly emphasized. It has been highlighted that the internationalisation of business activity is one of the important factors influencing the need, even the necessity, to constantly improve employee and managerial competences. They were the subject of surveys, the results of which are presented in the final part of the article. Research has shown that the basic competencies of logistic company personnel are interdisciplinary knowledge, effective skills for coping in various situations, and the ability to resolve various problems quickly, regardless of the conditions under which the company operates.
Sledovanie vplyvu tepelného toku a hrúbky drevených dosiek na čas zapálenie
(Žilinská univerzita v Žiline, 2023) Marková, Iveta; Tureková, Ivana; Ivaničová, Martina; Jaďuďová, Jana
Oriented strand boards (OSB) and particleboards (PB) are wooden boards, commonly used in building structures or building interiors. The surface of boards may hence become directly exposed to fire or radiant heat. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the behaviour of uncoated particleboards and OSB exposed to radiant heat. The following ignition parameters: heat flux intensity (from 43 to 50 kW.m-2) and ignition temperature were used to observe the process of particleboard and OSB ignition. The time-to-ignition of particleboards and OSB with a thickness of 12, 15, and 18 mm were monitored and compared. The experiments were conducted on a modified device in accordance with ISO 5657:1997. Results confirmed the thermal degradation of samples. Heat flux had a significant effect on time-to-ignition. OSB had a higher ignition time than particleboards and the thermal degradation of OSB started later, i.e., at a higher temperature than that of particleboards, but OSB also had a higher mass loss than particleboards. The samples yielded the same results above 47 kW.m-2 .
Krízový manažment - celé číslo 1/2023
(Žilinská univerzita v Žiline, 2023)
Vyhodnocení reálných záznamů jízdy k zásahům z pohledu dynamiky jízdy
(Žilinská univerzita v Žiline, 2023) Jánošík, Ladislav; Jánošíková, Ivana; Jonová, Karolína; Nováček, Vítězoslav; Poledňák, Pavel; Šudrychová, Izabela
The paper briefly informs about the content, solution procedures, and selected results of the student grant competition project entitled “Verification of driving characteristics of firefighting vehicles of type water tender” (Id. No. SP2021/58). It summarizes the results of one of the two main project objectives, which is an evaluation of the emergency driving records of selected emergency firefighting vehicles of the type of water tenders with a focus on driving dynamics.