Práce a štúdie - Vydanie 11

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://drepo.uniza.sk/handle/hdluniza/728

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Analysis of satellite navigation systems usable in general aviation
(University of Zilina, 2022) Gahír, Jakub; Novák, Andrej
This paper is mainly focused on solving the current issues of satellite navigation systems and subsequent analysis. The paper is systematically divided, while the first chapter focuses mainly on the definition of satellite navigation systems, their use in general aviation and introduction of specific examples, their division in terms of operation and a description of advanced satellite navigation systems. The second chapter deals with the methodology of work, analyzes the sources and the chosen procedure for solving and researching the issue. The third chapter is the main one and is focused on the analysis and research of satellite navigation systems, defining input parameters such as: accuracy, continuity, or integrity of navigation services. It also compares research with the current state of the issue and evaluates analyses, suggests possible changes and directions of further research in satellite navigation industry.
Analysis of smart solutions in the field of airport maintenance within international airports
(University of Zilina, 2022) Krajcer, Marek; Kováčiková, Kristína
The paper deals with the analysis of various smart solutions that can be implemented in airport maintenance. The aim of this paper is to compare the current situation in Slovakia with smart solutions that have been used in the world and to suggest which of the solutions could be implemented in Slovakia. The theoretical part describes the purpose of smart airports and conventional methods of airport maintenance. The next part of the paper is devoted to the description of the current state at the airport in Bratislava and a description of smart solutions used around the world. These may include: scaring birds with drones, snow removal with autonomous ploughs, mowing lawns with robotic mowers, inspection of the Instrumental Landing System ILS with drones and inspection of the Precision Approach Path Indicator PAPI with drones. The last part of the paper compares conventional maintenance methods used at the airport in Bratislava with their smart solutions used around the world. The evaluation includes a proposal for smart solutions which could effectively be used at Bratislava Airport.
Analysis of the air navigation service charging system in the USA and Canada
(University of Zilina, 2022) Housa, Juraj; Materna, Matúš
This paper deals with analysis of the air navigation service charging system in the USA and Canada. General information about air navigation service providers is explained here. In the paper are described FAA ATO´s and NAV CANADA´s history, organizational structure, financing and air navigation service charges. And there are practical calculations of charges collected in the USA and Canada.
Artificial intelligence and its use in air transport
(University of Zilina, 2022) Bendík, Dávid; Novák, Andrej
In recent years, modern technologies have found large applications in sectors such as engineering, healthcare, information technology, robotics, and so forth. One important field in the use of such modern technologies is the field of air transport, where the main objective of using these technologies is to facilitate work for people, make individual tasks more efficient and faster, or reduce the risks associated with human error. In this paper, we will look at artificial intelligence and its use in aviation. Despite the rapid pace of improvement, artificial intelligence is still finding its way to reach its full potential. The history of artificial intelligence dates back to ancient times when many philosophers wondered whether a machine could think. The answer is found in the second half of the 20th century, when, besides theoretical knowledge, we can also observe the first intelligent machines. There is no clear and single correct definition for artificial intelligence, so the subject of the next section is to define artificial intelligence from different sources. The following section details the difference between deep learning and machine learning, comparing their main differences and applications in aviation. The analysis of the current state of application of artificial intelligence in aviation represents the core part of this paper. The emphasis in the analysis is put mainly on applications in the field of airports, air traffic management and safety. In each of these areas, the benefits of using AI are evaluated based on already established AI-enabled technologies. Finally, by analysing the sources available and those applied in our work with the use of a mathematical model, we assess how important the role artificial intelligence currently plays in air transport.
Changes in airport infrastructure caused by the historical development of aircraft
(University of Zilina, 2022) Adamík, Jozef; Kazda, Antonín
The airport infrastructure is constantly influenced by the development of aircraft. It has always been, that the aircraft was first designed, and based on its performance parameters and geometrical characteristics, a space for the airport were sought to serve the new aircraft. Even today, we can see the different development of aircraft in different aircraft manufacturers, which determine how the airport infrastructure will change in the future. In the introductory chapters, we analyze several aircraft requirements for airports that have been affected by changes in ground infrastructure and the subsequent development of airports. The main objective of this bachelor thesis is to document the changes in the airport infrastructure caused by the historical development of aircraft. The discussed development of aircraft and reaches out from the beginning of aviation to the end of World War II through the era of jet aircraft to large-scale long-haul aircraft. Based on the creation of a database of aircraft and a description of typical aircraft representatives of the period, an analysis of their parameters and the described impact on selected airports is performed. Three historical international airports were selected for a detailed analysis of airport development. There are two analyzed airports in Europe: Munich Riem together with Munich - Franz Josef Strauß and Amsterdam Schiphol. In the United States, John F Kennedy Airport is chosen near New York City in terms of the highest airline utilization. Until 1951, selected airports were analyzed from historical footage and, after the publication of ICAO Annex 14 Aerodromes, also documented by changes in the regulation. Airports had to adapt to changes in environmental requirements and the introduction of new technologies in the form of more fuel-efficient and smaller commercial aircraft. One of the benefits of the thesis is to emphasize the need to plan airport changes in relation to the needs of aircraft technology in the future. This area includes the planning and modernization of runways (RWY), terminals, aprons and stands. At present, RWY design pays attention to reducing noise in suburban areas, reducing turn-round time at stands by using jetways, the number of taxiways (TWY) connecting the RWY to the airport and operating aircraft with a smaller code letter.
Construction design of a three-cylinder two-stroke radial engine
(University of Zilina, 2022) Lubják, Peter; Čerňan, Jozef
The goal of modern society is to improve efficiency in all areas. Our goal is to convert the old engine parts into a functional power unit that is more efficient than the donor parts. Modern electric motors with high efficiency are our main competitors, but our motor has an advantage in a simple design that is easily serviced. We achieve low weight by using lightweight aluminum air-cooled cylinders. In my work, I deal with the fundamentals of two- and four-stroke internal combustion engines. The importance of primary and secondary forces caused by the movement of the crankshaft and pistons is also discussed. Of course, we'll go over how to fill the engine while it's running (carburetor/injection). Following that, I'd like to go over the overall functionality of the drive unit as well as the significance of specific components. In practice, we concentrate on simulating our experimental engine. The purpose of this entire article is to provide the foundational documentation for the subsequent construction of this power unit.
Conversion of passenger aircraft to cargo versions
(University of Zilina, 2022) Mlynarčík, Martin; Janovec, Michal
In this presented paper on the topic of conversion of passenger aircrafts to cargo versions, the use of this transformation in the modern history of aviation is analyzed and the current situation is analyzed. For a better introduction to the issue, the introductory part defines the fundamental terms and explains the conversion itself and its various stages. The paper also discusses the companies that provide services for the actual conversion of passenger aircraft and the location where this process takes place. The paper is further supplemented by individual types of aircraft, which are divided according to global manufacturers such as the American Boeing and its European competitor Airbus. The main goal of this paper is to bring closer and clarify this process, which has gained momentum in recent years and has great potential for the future. This paper is very significant in case of COVID-19 pandemic and its huge influence on general aviation when there is enormous demand of conversion passenger aircrafts to cargo versions. The most common causes of conversion, advantages and disadvantages are also included. The conversion process itself is described in more detail and the paper focuses on the various technical phases of the aircraft conversion itself.
Development of flight instruments for general aviation aircraft
(University of Zilina, 2022) Ďuricová, Ema; Kandera, Branislav
Given the constantly evolving offer proposed for aircraft equipment, the aim of my work is to describe the innovations, that have been implemented in aircraft instruments. The content of the work is divided from the very beginnings of aircraft instruments and their gradual use and expansion. Subsequently, I deal with the data that are displayed by the devices, but also their design and the comparison of the current state compared to the initial versions. Innovations of aircraft instruments are focused on both components and the display of flight data, which leads to simplification of their operation and individual assembly. One of the advantages of modern instruments is their ability to detect errors that may occur during the flight, which serves the pilots to ensure the flight. Furthermore, I focused on the system of collection, processing and evaluation of information, as well as their final production on board the aircraft. My work is mainly focused on the Dynon system, whose functions, display and implementation I described in detail, use and design in aircraft cockpits. The main goal of the thesis is additional processing of information for the subject Aircraft Instruments I and their processing from the student's point of view.
Digital transformation of regional airports
(University of Zilina, 2022) Plško, Lukáš; Remencová, Tatiana
The digital transformation of airports has become more talked about in recent years. In the case of regional airports, digital transformation represents a challenge due to financing. The goal of this paper is to describe issues connected with digital transformation, especially at a selected group of airports, which are regional airports. Within the first part, there are defined terms as digitalization and digital transformation. There are also presented selected digital technologies used by airports all around the world, and the Smart Airport concept is explained. The second part is focused on terms such as airport, regional airport, and it describes the current level of digital transformation at regional airports. The main goal is to find out the level of digitalization at selected regional airports in the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic. The output of this paper will be an evaluation of the current digital level of regional airports with regard to the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic.
Impact of clouds on the aviation
(University of Zilina, 2022) Švancárová, Nikola; Jarošová, Miriam
The aim of the paper is to study concepts and types of cloud coverage and clouds itself. It also brings the different types of clouds and its effect on aviation closer to the reader. In the first part paper focuses on general concepts. Then it describes types of clouds and talks about them in detail. Next theme are radars and maps used in aviation to worn and tell us about the cloud coverage as its possible threats. In the last part, the paper shows us some maps and tells us about possible threats caused by clouds or vice versa its positive effects on the flights.
The influence of air accidents on legislation in civil aviation in Slovak and Czech Republic
(University of Zilina, 2022) Bobek, Filip; Novák Sedláčková, Alena
This paper deals with the influence of air accidents on legislation in civil aviation in the Slovak Republic and Czech Republic. Firstly, it focuses on defining essential terms, organizations, laws, and regulations which are affecting air accidents investigation. All these elements are based on the aviation regulation L13 (ANNEX 13). Then it deals with detailed analysis of chosen air accidents that happened in Czech or Slovak Republic. As a result of previous research have been defined categories of the most common causes of air accidents between the year 2016 and 2020 which occurred in Czech and Slovak Republic and created their classification. The main goal of the paper was to identify new legislation measures and changes, which have been propounded or adopted to prevent another air accidents with the same or similar causes in the future. Among those regulations belongs for example area 100 KSA, AUPRT or background checks. Lastly it deals with the upcoming legislation changes affecting civil aviation in Slovak Republic.
Influence of meteorological conditions on aircraft take - off and landing
(University of Zilina, 2022) Chynoranský, Jakub; Jarošová, Miriam
The division of meteorology is an integral part of aviation that informs about meteorological phenomena and defines their nature. This article focuses on the types of meteorological conditions with which the aircraft comes into contact during the flight, with a closer focus on the take-off and landing phases of the aircraft. The topic of meteorological conditions and their effects was chosen due to the enormous importance of this segment of aviation for the safety and operation of air traffic. The paper has a theoretical character and approaches the connection between individual meteorological conditions and their effect on the behavior of the aircraft. For air safety, a proper interpretation and subsequent adaptation to the corresponding weather events and deviations from standard conditions is essential. The aim of the publication is to define the basic meteorological conditions, weather phenomena and to underline their considerable importance for air traffic. The final part is devoted to the analysis of air accidents during takeoff and landing, which were caused by adverse weather conditions and their underestimation.
Innovation options for selected M60 engine systems: ignition system and engine parameter monitoring
(University of Zilina, 2022) Suchanovský, Matúš; Čerňan, Jozef
The topic of this paper is the possibility of innovating the ignition system of the M60 engine. The main part is the practical solution of the assignment. It shows the condition of the original ignition system, which was innovated in this work. It was a contact ignition system with a fixed advance, using a system of hammers. This solution was replaced by a new type of ignition, specifically an electronic ignition system that allows to change the ignition advance depending on the engine speed and load. The main parts of the new system consist of a control unit and a Hall sensor. It is these two components that make the main difference compared to the original ignition system. We deal with a more detailed description of design, construction and installation in the practical part. We paid attention to the design, the wiring diagram and its installation. At this stage, we addressed the possibilities of fastening a Hall sensor. The use of old components for assembly was not possible, so we proceeded to the design and production of new ones. The innovative ignition system will allow the engine to achieve higher power, lower consumption and the proportion of pollutants in the exhaust gases.
Innovation options for selected systems of M60 engine: exhaust system and engine cooling
(University of Zilina, 2022) Lapínová, Branislava; Čerňan, Jozef
Our article deals with the design and construction of a resonant exhaust system and cooling system for the M60 engine. In introductory part, the article provides the reader with a final overview of two-stroke. In the next chapter, the focus is only on the resonant exhaust system. The article of the reader informs about the basic principles of resonant exhaust systems and points out their fundamental effect on power, torque and fuel consumption. Subsequently, the article gets to the calculation of the resonant exhaust system and its execution. The final chapter deals with the cooling system and solves the design optimization of the shape of deflectors. Both in the previous chapter and in this chapter, it first deals with theoretical knowledge, design and subseguent production of deflectors.
Meteorological information resources for aircraft crews
(University of Zilina, 2022) Slušný, Radoslav; Jarošová, Miriam
This article addresses the issue of available meteorological information resources and their importance for aircraft crews, with special regard to the ways of disseminating meteorological information and the possibilities of providing it to crews. The aim of the article is to process a comprehensive set of information about meteorological information resources and methods of obtaining meteorological information in aviation. The article has a theoretical character. It summarizes the basic terminology and defined concepts of the processed issues, with an effort for a logical focus of the chapters that are adequately addressed. In the discussion and conclusion, we pointed out the importance of meteorological resources for aircraft crews, the need for proper assessment and evaluation of the obtained meteorological information, in order to ensure the safe course of the flight.
Methods of implementation PIV system in the wind tunnel of the department of air transport
(University of Zilina, 2022) Remiaš, Matej; Pecho, Pavol
In the early days of aviation, wind tunnels were developed to investigate whether an aircraft is capable of flying, and how capable it was of doing so.They are mainly used as a part of research of aerodynamic forces applied to a model of an aircraft or its parts. There are several methods of measuring the airflow inside a wind tunnel, however this manuscript is concerned with implementation of Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV), especially the software part, in the conditions of the wind tunnel of the Department of Air Transport. The functions of the software were investigated on the basis of a simple experiment. The poppy seeds were blown on white paper and the images were captured by the camera in slow motion as it moved from side to side and then the images were processed and analyzed. The amount of poppy seeds used varied.The results showed successful use of PIV software and it’s application directly in the wind tunnel of the Department of Aviation for research of the effects of aerodynamic forces in aviation, but also in other areas.
Monitoring of technical state of unmanned aerial vehicles
(University of Zilina, 2022) Lagin, Samuel; Kandera, Branislav
The aim of this work is to study current possibilities of monitoring the technical state of the unmanned aircraft from the most basic activities to the more advanced aircraft systems. Partial goal is to create a simple general maintenance checklist for cases when the manufacturer does not publish any maintenance procedures, or the manufacturer is the owner and pilot of the aircraft, in case of DIY aircraft. Theoretical part is devoted to description of most common components of current UAVs and their possible failures and stating current possibilities for maintaining awareness of the technical state of the aircraft prior to, during and after the execution of a flight. Second part will state how to extract the flightlogs and what tools can be used to analyze them. The result of this work is creating general maintenance checklists as well as stating the information about the process of modifying this checklist for the UAV in question. Mentioned checklists will be created for pre-flight, post-flight and regular maintenance check.
Morphing wings of aircraft
(University of Zilina, 2022) Jackuliak, Jakub; Bugaj, Martin
Goal of the paper is to describe use of morphing wings on aircraft and their possible use to increase aerodynamic efficiency of aircraft. Paper is divided into two parts. First part focuses on design and material requirements of morphing wings as well as describes some of studied concepts. Second part compares studied concepts using gathered data and proposes possible combinations of concepts with goal of further increase of aerodynamic efficiency.
Ownership structures of regional airports
(University of Zilina, 2022) Szotkowski, Nicolas; Remencová, Tatiana
This paper is focused on regional airports and their ownership structures. The first part defines the basic terms such as airport and regional airport from a legal point of view. It describes airport ownership models in general, focusing on the traditional organizational ownership model, and then it describes processes such as decentralization, corporatization, commercialization and privatization. This part also contains the advantages and disadvantages of privatization. In the second part, it is focused on the current state of the issue, when there are described selected scientific studies that address the issue of ownership models. Attention is also focused on the Covid-19 pandemic, which had a strong impact on the regional airport. The main goal of the paper is to analyse the ownership structures of selected regional airports, which are located in Austria and the Czech Republic. In connection with ownership structures, it also monitors the achieved economic result of regional airports.
Possibilities of reducing environmental impacts of aircraft on movement areas and aprons
(University of Zilina, 2022) Šulka, Michael; Rostáš, Ján
This aim of the paper is based on a theoretical analysis of possibilities of reducing fuel consumption, emissions and noise during aircraft take-off, taxi and turn-over procedure. In the very beginning, author defines the basic terms of airport infrastructure and defines types of taxiways based on their constructional solution and physical characteristic. Taxiways are not given to the aircrafts as efficient as possible on many airports. To point out the possibility of reducing fuel consumption and emissions production from different taxiway route, author decided to analyse taxiway and runway infrastructure of Vienna-Schwechat Airport (IATA: VIE) and made runway analysis of Airbus A320-200. Another option how to reduce mentioned attributes and increase the quality of environment is single engine taxi (SET) procedure. Author analysed advantages and disadvantages of SET and established possible communication between aircraft crew and air traffic control officer. Push-back tractors produce not negligible amount of pollutants too. The solution is to operate zero emission push-back tractors powered by electric engine or implement innovative system WheelTug into the nose landing gear. These solutions bring many advantages for surrounding environment and reduce airport noise too. Last not but least, author describes advantages and possibilities of use of Fixed Electrical Ground Power instead of APU or GPU during turn-over procedure