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Aerodynamic airfoils and their applications
(University of Zilina, 2021) Kamenická, Daniela; Bugaj, Martin
This work focuses on aerodynamic airfoils and their application. The significant aim of this work is to introduce and analyse different types of airfoils and their importance. The first part of the paper examines aerodynamic characteristics, airfoil geometry and brings the historical evolution of certain types of airfoils. The second part of the paper considers different databases, and closely examines the NACA database and its numerical labelling by looking at digit series label, which follows the acronym NACA, indicating the airfoil's shape. The main body of the paperillustrates the real-life application of chosen airfoils by examining horizontal and vertical stabilisers and wind turbines. The last part of the paperpresents the analysis of the application of chosen wing root and wingtip airfoils.
Aerodynamic profile drag
(University of Zilina, 2021) Sabo, Matej; Bugaj, Martin
Higher awareness of aviation sustainability and environmental impact creates more research on profile drag reduction. The basic principles of aerodynamic profile drag are described and its role within the total drag. The boundary layer is defined using mathematical and physical principles of fluid dynamics. There are two types of movement inside the boundary layer: laminar and turbulent. In these, their impact on profile drag is analysed. The profile drag of a wing has two sources: form drag and friction drag. Applications with the most impact, throughout history, on both types of drag reductions were reviewed. Because most of the total drag comes from friction, researchers focus more on it compared to form drag. The significant way of reducing friction drag is postponing the transition of laminar flow into turbulent. The control of laminar flow became crucial for reducing friction drag. In the last two decades, European Union supported multiple projects concerning laminar flow control. These advancements in the field are starting to get implemented and tested on new aircraft by manufactures.
Aircraft airfoils
(University of Žilina, 2023) Haluzová, Kristína; Bugaj, Martin; Hrúz, Michal
This work deals with the airfoils of aircraft. First of all, it focuses on the general properties of wings. Furthermore, the work deals with the issue of various types of wing shape and compares individual shapes of airfoils, their properties and gradual development. Next, current wings of commercial aircraft are described, dealing with the materials used, types of winglets, mechanization of the wing and also different uses of the airfoils. The work also describes and compares wings of two famous commercial airliners – Boeing 737-800 and Airbus A320-200. In the end, the work also focuses on various concepts of the wings of the future, and how sustainability affects future development.
Analysis of selected aircrafts suitable for PPL training
(University of Zilina, 2021) Matula, Dominik; Bugaj, Martin
The main goal of the paper is based on the analysis to define the criteria for selecting an aircraft suitable for PPL training. We achieved the main goal by meeting two sub-goals. The first sub-objective is the analysis of training organizations in Slovakia, on the basis of which we have selected entities for the second sub-objective thus the analysis of selected aircrafts suitable for PPL training. In this work we analyze three, most used training aircrafts for PPL training in Slovakia. We analyze selected aircrafts in terms of three main parts, which include, analysis of technical parameters, analysis of flight characteristics and analysis of operating parameters. Based on the given analyzes, we obtained an evaluation of the characteristics of selected aircrafts, their individual advantages and disadvantages. Other results of the work include the evaluation of criteria that are suitable for aircrafts designed for PPL training. This work can be applied in practice, especially when deciding on the selection of a training aircraft for a student or training organization.
Analýza rizík prevádzky UAS v osobitej kategórii
(University of Žilina, 2024) Hruška, Dávid; Bugaj, Martin
The rapid development of drone technology brings a wide range of opportunities in various sectors, but the integration of drones into urban environments requires a careful assessment of ground risks. This thesis explores the challenges and solutions of risk assessment in Žilina. The thesis uses the SORA (Specific Operations Risk Assessment) methodology and analyses available population density data and city maps. The analysis shows that the operation of UAS in Žilina is associated with different degrees of ground risks, which vary depending on the location and type of operation. The densely populated city centre poses the highest risk. Responsible operation of UAS requires a comprehensive approach to risk management that includes precise route planning, risk mitigation strategies and use of data.
Digital twin – new trend in aircraft maintenance
(University of Žilina, 2023) Plichta, Dávid; Bugaj, Martin
Safety has always been the main concern of successful aircraft operation. Key part of the operation has to be maintenance, which not only removes defects should they arise, but also prevents them from happening in the first place. For this very reason it is necessary to have a reliable maintenance program and practices. In recent years emphasis has been posed on thorough analysis of aircraft and its systems. This is made ever so easier thanks to tools such as the digital twin. Our goal is to research this recent trend and showcase its possibilities. This wouldn't be possible without our previous underlying studies about Industry 4.0, its related matters including maintenance, as well as digital twin itself. Finally, it is important to note that the main goal of our work is not necessarily the creation of the twin, but rather the subsequent measurements, tests and analysis.
Digitization of aircraft maintenance procedures
(University of Žilina, 2023) Pätoprstý, Matúš; Bugaj, Martin
This paper presents the results of research on the possibilities of implementing digitized procedures in the environment of heavy aircraft maintenance and deals with the design and implementation of digitized procedures in the hangar. The object of the paper is the maintenance procedures in section 10/20 of the BMD department in the company ATB s.r.o. which performs maintenance on the cabin and fuselage parts of the aircraft. In the paper we analyze current maintenance procedures in the designated department and xamines the effects of digitized procedures on increasing work efficiency. It proposes the method and individual phases of the implementation of digitized procedures. In the first phase, a solution is implemented to replace the paper form of maintenance documentation, used by mechanics during maintenance, with their digitized form. The other two phases are described theoretically. The thesis identifies obstacles associated with the implementation of the proposed procedures and offers possible solutions
Effect of wing surface contamination on aerodynamic characteristics
(University of Žilina, 2023) Gego, Filip; Bugaj, Martin
The article is focused on determining the influence of wing surface contamination on aerodynamic characteristics. This work describes the description of the BL 215 airfoil on which the measurements were made, the factors affecting the change in aerodynamic characteristics, the method of obtaining the values necessary to draw a conclusion, and finally the comparison and evaluation of the resulting values. Through the geometric functions in the Inventor program, a wing model with a laminar airfoil BL 215 was created, the aerodynamic characteristics of which were calculated in the Ansys Fluent program.
The importance of an aircraft maintenance program for operator
(University of Zilina, 2021) Kulíšek, Jakub; Bugaj, Martin
The paper on the topic The importance of aircraft maintenance for operator deals with the maintenance of aircraft at smaller operators. Maintenance is an important part of the operation of aircraft, and therefore we have created a work in which we pay detailed attention to the overall maintenance of the aircraft. The introductory chapter of the paper reveals to the reader the history of aircraft maintenance from its beginnings, during the first attempts of the Wright brothers, through the First World War, the Second World War to the current maintenance. The second chapter is the main part of the work and the work describes the general maintenance performed on aircraft around the world. In this chapter, we paid attention to the accuracy of the terms and we wanted to bring the reader valuable information that can be used further. In the introductory subchapters, we focus mainly on structural maintenance, followed by the maintenance of components that are located on the aircraft and last but not least, the type of maintenance performed on the aircraft. The chapter concludes with the maintenance review itself and selected maintenance checks. In the third chapter we deal with service and overhaul of aircraft. The subchapters contain information on maintenance planning, maintenance processes and problems that may occur during maintenance. The fourth chapter deals with the selected type of aircraft, namely the Piper PA-28R, where the reader can find general information about the aircraft, but also information about technical parameters. In the last part of the work, we focused on the practical part, in which we worked on a detailed analysis of the comparison of the two sectors. From the sources of information, we tried to conscientiously choose those that will enrich the work and give the reader sufficient knowledge about the paper.
Maintenance and reliability of aircraft technology
(University of Zilina, 2021) Rýzek, Dušan; Bugaj, Martin
The paper deals with the maintenance and influencing the human factor in aircraft maintenance. The work is divided into three basic parts. In the first part of the paper, the aim was to describe the maintenance from a historical point of view, to describe the individual stages of maintenance and to summarize how to maintain the years of development. We also have specified individual types of maintenance, maintenance intervals. The most extensive part in the theory are the laws and regulations that must comply with when performing maintenance in the Slovak Republic. This part is indeed included, but we consider it important to mention it in the work. The second part of the paper is the analysis of accidents of commercial aircraft in commercial aviation for the last 3 years. The analysis contains 43 accidents, from which we came to a conclusion. In the first part of the analysis, we selected those accidents that occurred due to maintenance, and then from these accidents, we further determined which accidents occurred due to human error in maintenance. The aim was to determine whether the number of accidents in commercial aviation in civil aviation due to maintenance should increase or decrease, and subsequently, whether the number of accidents in terms of human factor inmaintenance would increase or decrease. The last part so the conclusion is of course focused on the evaluation of the results of the analytical part and the declaration of whether we managed to meet the goal of the paper.
Morphing wings of aircraft
(University of Zilina, 2022) Jackuliak, Jakub; Bugaj, Martin
Goal of the paper is to describe use of morphing wings on aircraft and their possible use to increase aerodynamic efficiency of aircraft. Paper is divided into two parts. First part focuses on design and material requirements of morphing wings as well as describes some of studied concepts. Second part compares studied concepts using gathered data and proposes possible combinations of concepts with goal of further increase of aerodynamic efficiency.
Návrh riešenia riadenia skupiny UAV
(University of Žilina, 2024) Gúcky, Jozef; Bugaj, Martin
This thesis addresses the challenges and solutions to the management of groups of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Using a comparative analysis approach, the research evaluates UAV group management methods in terms of their effectiveness under various criteria. The findings suggest that swarm algorithms, inspired by the collective behavior of natural systems, offer a better approach to achieve decentralized, adaptive, and scalable control of UAV groups. This thesis contributes to this field by providing a comprehensive analysis of UAV group management strategies and demonstrating the benefits of swarm algorithms across a variety of criteria. This research has implications for enhancing the capabilities and effectiveness of UAVs in applications such as search and rescue, environmental monitoring, etc.
New trends in aircraft design
(University of Zilina, 2021) Jabrocká, Mária; Bugaj, Martin
Automation, robotic, unconventional arrangement hydrogen are the hallmarks of new trends in aircraft design. The implementation of hydrogen fuel in aircraft appears to be one of the biggest advances in the near future. Automation in aircraft control is based on the reduction of runway requirements. Among the main conclusions of the paper we include the finding that the aircraft does not have to have a classic conventional arrangement of vertical tail surfaces in order to achieve static/dynamic stability of the aircraft. The complexity of the elements of the aircraft stability and flight control system is directly depended on the weight of the aircraft. Upcoming trends in aircraft design should only based on existing concepts.
New trends in UAV construction
(University of Žilina, 2023) Iakovlieva, Anastasiia; Bugaj, Martin
Aviation is one of the fastest developing segments of transport, the development of which did not bypass the construction of unmanned aerial vehicles. The main purpose of this paper is to analyze current trends that may affect the development of unmanned aircrafts in civil aviation. For the purpose of researching new trends in the construction of unmanned aerial vehicles, is needed to define today's state of development and also to divide UAVs by the type. In conclusion, the goal of the article is to define the direction in which the development of construction solutions is currently going and what the potential development in the use of UAVs new trends can bring.
The processes for securing the operation of aircraft technology
(University of Zilina, 2021) Regec, Kristián; Bugaj, Martin
The paper deals with the issue of processes in securing the operation of aircraft technology. The theoretical part describes the basic concepts such as competence of aircraft technology, legislative requirements, organizations responsible for securing the competence of aircraft technology and a brief overview of the history and development in the field of aircraft technology provision. The analytical part focuses on the methods and procedures for the evaluation of the processes used in the operation of aircraft technology. In this part, the paper also portrays the specific processes which are necessary to secure the operation of aircraft technology. Based on the research of the topic and concludings, the paper sums up the set of proposals and measures to make the abovementioned processes more effective.
PRODUKCIA LIETADLOVEJ TECHNIKY
(Žilinská univerzita v Žiline, 2020) Maliňák, Ivan; Bugaj, Martin
This paper was written to take a better look at the production of aircraft technology and make a comparison between the production of air transport and civil aviation airplanes. The first part of the thesis analyses the current situation of the production of airplane technology. It includes the comparison of sales of the best known aircraft between these two categories and it also handles the support from the big aircraft producers to the smaller ones. The second part shows the many ways of aircraft production in different factories and explains them step by step. Another important point of this thesis is to help the reader make a clear vision about the manufacturing steps, ordering process and the final assembly of the aircrafts. The last part shows the application of new production and aircraft technologies which already have or will have influence on aircraft production in the future.
Simulations of aerodynamics
(University of Zilina, 2021) Novák, Miroslav; Bugaj, Martin
The aim of the paper is to approach the issue of simulations in aerodynamics. To describe the physical rules and basic mathematical equations, which are essential in the use of computing techniques. The paper deals with CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) and informations which are necessary for its understanding, the author further describes different software programs used for simulation purposes. By means of analyzing technical papers, the author compares and describes software considering to their practical use. The author also describes the aerodynamic tunnels and clarifies the basic issues related to aerodynamic tunnels and discuss factors that affect the resulting measurement quality. The author deals with methods of measuring individual physical quantities that are the interest of simulation or measurement. At the end of the paper, the author compares the specific aerodynamic tunnels and the possibilities of measurements that aerodynamics tunnels provide.
Use of advanced materials in aircraft construction
(University of Žilina, 2023) Timková, Monika; Bugaj, Martin
The latest subject of research in the aerospace industry is the design and manufacture of the lightest possible aircraft while guaranteeing safety. Due to the ever-increasing requirements for weight reduction, various researches are underway in the field of nanotechnology and its associated possible implementation in aircraft design. The primary focus of this article is the analysis of composite materials, their structure, fabrication and different types of composites. At the same time, it focuses on their use in specific aircraft structural components. The main focus of the work is to analyze the incorporation of nanotechnology in the production of innovative materials used in aerospace industry, as well as to define nanomaterials, namely nanocomposites themselves. The result of the work is an evaluation and prediction of the use and implementation of progressive materials in structural elements and their impact on the economy and performance of aircraft.
Wing platforms of supersonic aircraft
(University of Žilina, 2023) Tabernaus, Richard; Bugaj, Martin; Hrúz, Michal
Goal of the paper is to describe various wing designs used in supersonic aircraft and their impact on lift, drag and stability with emphasis on high speed civil transport. Paper describes transonic and supersonic region, where formation of shockwaves is prevalent, and air behaves differently from subsonic region. The paper then describes different wing configurations and planforms affect the formation of lift and drag with emphasis on straight wing, swept wing and delta wing planfroms. It also provides insight into the history and the present research of supersonic flight with emphasis on civil transport.