AEROjournal

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The Scientific journal AEROjournal is published by The Air Transport Department at the University of Zilina. It offers aviation professionals and academics an opportunity for publication of their research outcomes covering wide range of current issues in air transportation. The Air Transport Department at the University of Zilina (ATD) is a centre for education, research, and training in civil aviation. ATD provides accredited study programmes in a three - tier course structure of university education - bachelor, Ing (equivalent to MSc.) and PhD degrees. We also provide complex aircraft pilot training up to the CPL/IR/MEP (A) level (Commercial Pilot with twin-engine aeroplane qualification and qualification for flying in accordance with Instrument Flight Rules) and a theory up to the frozen ATPL (Airline Transport Pilot) level including Multi Crew Cooperation course. ATD is also the base of the National Civil Aviation Security Training Centre of the Slovak Republic. The Centre runs basic aviation security courses in line with the EU regulations for all categories of personnel in aviation. The papers in this journal cover all the aspects of aviation (including airlines, airports, air traffic management, aerospace and maintenance).

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AEROjournal - celé číslo 2/2019
(University of Zilina, 2019) Kováčik, Ľubomír; Novák, Andrej; Lusiak, Tomasz; Škultéty, Filip; Poljak, Jozef; Yun, Gennadiy; Pederiy, Yuri; Gnashuk, Andrei; Bartoš, Miroslav; Badánik, Benedikt; Jarošová, Miriam; Kazda, Antonín; Bugaj, Martin; Materna, Matúš
COLD FRONT AND ITS INFLUENCE ON WEATHER AT AIRPORTS IN WESTERN SLOVAKIA
(University of Zilina, 2019) Jarošová, Miriam
Weather is limiting factor in planning of our activities. We often have to change our plans to avoid problems that the weather could bring. Transport, especially air transport is very sensitive to sudden changes of weather. For any mode of transport, safety, speed and efficiency is heavily dependent on current and expected weather conditions. Therefore, it is important to know very well the phenomena related to the atmosphere and selected mode of transport.
COMPETITIVE CHALLENGES FACING THE AIR NAVIGATION SERVICES IN EUROPE
(University of Zilina, 2019) Bartoš, Miroslav; Badánik, Benedikt
European aviation is facing new competitive challenges in a rapidly evolving global market, in particular as a result of a shift of economic growth to the East. These new competitors are benefitting from the rapid economic growth of the entire region, notably Asia, and from aviation becoming a strategic element in their home-country's economic development policies. With an annual growth forecast of 6%, scheduled passenger traffic in the Asia Pacific, the region is likely to grow faster than other regions until 2034 when it will account for 40% of world air traffic. China is expected to become the world’s largest air transport market, overtaking the United States of America in 2023 in terms of number of passengers carried (Sloveniacontrol, 2018).For the EU aviation industry to remain competitive, it is essential that market access is based on a regulatory framework which promotes EU values and standards, enables reciprocal opportunities and prevents distortion of competition. The main challenge for the growth of European aviation is to reduce the capacity and efficiency constraints, which are seriously impeding the European aviation sector's ability to grow sustainably, compete internationally, and which are causing congestion and delays and raising costs. This paper examines competitive environment and performance of seven European Air Navigation Services Providers (ANSP) of Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovak Republic and Slovenia from European Commission´s target perspective.
THE ADVANTAGES OF PLANT PROTECTION BY USING UAV OF AIRCRAFT CONFIGURATION AND ULV TECHNOLOGY
(University of Zilina, 2019) Yun, Gennadiy; Pederiy, Yuri; Gnashuk, Andrei
The article deals with the design of agricultural UAVs. In recent years, various agricultural UAVs (mainly the copter configuration) have been developed for processing small fields using the method of ultra-low-volume spraying. The proposed project of an agricultural UAV aircraft configuration has several advantages especially when used on large fields. Due to the high flight speed, high payload and the duration of flight time without refuelling, this aircraft has a fairly high performance in the process of protecting plants from diseases and pests. In addition, a relatively simple infrastructure, based on the years of experience in the use of manned aircraft in agriculture, allows, by analogy, to develop an unmanned aviation system for agricultural purposes. Flights are currently underway to test UAV control systems when manoeuvring at low altitudes near obstacles.
AEROjournal - celé číslo 1/2019
(University of Zilina, 2019) Novák, Andrej; Lusiak, Tomasz; Kováčik, Ľubomír; Škultéty, Filip; Čerňan, Jozef; Rostáš, Ján; Bugaj, Martin; Pecho, Pavol; Lusiak, Tomasz; Janovec, Michal; Urminský, Tomáš; Škvareková, Iveta; Kandera, Branislav; Ažaltovič, Viliam
INTEGRATION OF UTM WITHIN THE CURRENT AIRSPACE ARCHITECTURE. IS IT EVEN POSSIBLE?
(University of Zilina, 2019) Škultéty, Filip; Poljak, Jozef
This paper comprehensively describes the various issues of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) in terms of their integration into a contemporary and complex system such as Air Traffic Management (ATM). In its introductory part, the paper systematizes and outlines the theoretical knowledge of UAS and categories of airspace sharing entities. However, the main part is devoted to the analysis carried out on the observation of latest proposals of Unmanned Aircraft Systems Traffic Management (UTM), new flight rules as well as state-of-the-art research in several countries throughout the world. The objective of this task is to assess the possibilities, obstacles, and approaches to the integration of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) into the current airspace. The content of this paper is not only informative in nature it but offers concrete explanations, and it may be used as a part of preliminary study for further research in this area.
MEASUREMENT OF GNSS INTERFERENCE AT AIRPORT ZILINA
(University of Zilina, 2019) Kováčik, Ľubomír; Novák, Andrej; Lusiak, Tomasz
The paper described the problems of GNSS interference measurement at airport Zilina. The Global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) are widely used both for civilian and military operations to determine the location, speed, acceleration, and trajectory of the user on the ground. GNSS refers to a constellation of satellites that provide signals from space transmitting positioning and timing on data receivers. The intentional errors include jamming and spoofing which are caused by systems sharing the same frequency illegally. The method for measuring signal interference is defined by the parameters that affect the calculation of the position of interest. Monitoring the extent of the interference and its impact is a necessary procedure for the successful management of aircraft operations at the airport.
NÁVRH METODIKY VÝCVIKU A UDRŽATEĽNOSTI SCHOPNOSTÍ PILOTÁŽE BEZPILOTNÝCH LIETAJÚCICH PROSTRIEDKOV
(Žilinská univerzita v Žiline, 2020) Ažaltovič, Viliam; Škvareková, Iveta; Kandera, Branislav
While the density of UAVs operations grow in the airspace the demands on their safe operation are increasing. Nowadays, the risk of an unmanned aerial vehicle colliding with an aircraft with another unmanned aerial vehicle or object is high as ever before. It is this ever-increasing danger that is the reason for training remote pilots, who will be able to safely control unmanned aerial vehicles. The goal of this article is to propose a pilot training methodology for the multicopter configuration of UAV. In the future, the proposed methodology may contribute to the development of rules for the training of remote pilots. The proposed methodology can be used in the future as a guide for the safe operation of unmanned aerial vehicles for the general public.
DOHĽADNOSŤ NA LETISKÁCH SLOVENSKA V JEDNOTLIVÝCH VZDUCHOVÝCH HMOTÁCH
(Žilinská univerzita v Žiline, 2020) Jarošová, Miriam
The meteorology plays a very important role in aviation. The weather may negatively affect aircraft not only during flight, but also during critical phases such as takeoff and landing. One of the factors that can make the landing and takeoff challenging is the visibility at the airport. Using the analysis of METAR reports, we tried to find out the dependenceof significant visibility changes withindifferentair masses at twoairports in Slovakia.For our research the METARreports from 2016 to 2018 were analyzed.
EFEKTIVITA VÝCVIKU PILOTOV NA DIAĽKU
(Žilinská univerzita v Žiline, 2020) Kandera, Branislav; Škvareková, Iveta; Ažaltovič, Viliam
Although the topic of unmanned aerial vehicles is very acutal, in most cases attention is paid to the safe integration of unmanned aerial vehicles in airspace, their uses and their reliability. But the safe operation of drones is based on the correct and effective training of drone pilots. The paper deals with the training of pilots of unmanned aerial vehicles, defining the scope of training and the possibilities of using UAV simulators for training. An important aspect is the complexity of knowledge about unmanned aerial vehicles, as training is not only a question of control skills, but also of theoretical knowledge of the UAV itself with which the flight is performed. Based on the measured data, it is clear that the simulator plays an important role during the training of piloting unmanned aerial vehicles, while providing a valuable basis for the transition to a type of fixed-wing flight configuration.
ANALÝZA RUŠENIA SIGNÁLU GNSS NA LETISKU POPRAD- TATRY
(Žilinská univerzita v Žiline, 2020) Novák, Andrej; Novák Sedláčková, Alena; Stelmach, Anna
The paper is focused on the GNSS signal interference during the airport approach procedures at small Slovak regional airport Poprad-Tatry. The paper analyzes the simulation of the situation during the identification and monitoring of GNSS signal interference by ground station situated at the airport. Nowadays is still important to develop air transport and increasing the safety and continuity of provided services even at small regional airports. One of the most appropriate possibilities is to use at this kind of airports with insufficiently equipped navigation infrastructure the GNSS approach. The monitoring of reliability of this system and implementation of monitoring the GNSS signal interference in the final phase of the instrument approach will increase the safety of the flight.
AEROjournal - celé číslo 1/2020
(Žilinská univerzita v Žiline, 2020)
Experimental state of thrust testing of aircraft reciprocating internal combustion engine
(University of Zilina, 2020) Mrva, Matúš; Pecho, Pavol; Hrúz, Michal; Škvareková, Iveta; Bugaj, Martin
The project “Experimental State of Thrust Testing of Aircraft Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engine” is aimed at creating a complex measuring device in order to obtain selected characteristics and parameters of the engine using different types of propellers. In addition to the basic measured parameters such as. thrust, temperature, speed and fuel flow will be a state of the art to test the latest prototype propellers designed for aircraft models. After its construction, the experimental state will be used as a study aid for testing various types of conventional as well as currently developed propellers, engine characteristics and teaching of the whole equipment in the process of teaching, training of aircraft mechanics and for presentation purposes of the University of Žilina.
VYUŽITIE LASEROVÝCH SKENEROV V HOSPODÁRENÍ S VOZOVKOU
(Žilinská univerzita v Žiline, 2020) Decký, Martin; Ďuriš, Lukáš; Kováč, Matúš
The paper presents the outputs of the staff of the Faculty of Civil Engineering and the Research Center UNIZA in the field of laser scanning of pavements for the purposes of pavement management (PM). Credibility objectification of road surface characteristics enables a more holistic, sophisticated way of decision-making within the PM, both at the network and project level. Specifically, the outputs of the SRS, Trimble CX and Lynx SG1 Mobile Mapper UNIZA devices are listed. There is a correlation dependence of the development of rut depth for non-rigid pavements of public transport stops found from measurements at the public transport stop Hurbanova in Žilina in the years 1994 to 2018.
INOVATÍVNY PRÍSTUP K HODNOTENIU SLUŽIEB V BIZNIS LETECTVE
(Žilinská univerzita v Žiline, 2020) Hankovská, Júlia; Badánik, Benedikt
The aim of the paper to analyze the current approach to the evaluation of services in the business aviation sector and to propose an innovative approach to the evaluation of these services with regard to selected aspects of passenger transport, especially their comfort. The paper describes a new approach that uses and processes operational data from questionnaire surveys among passengers and aims to improve services provided to passengers in the business aviation sector by examining the most important factors that affect passenger comfort in this segment. Paper also analyzes the degree of importance of individual factors for different types of passengers.
UPGRADE 3D MODELU HRIČOVSKÉHO HRADU Z REÁLNYMI TEXTÚRAMI
(Žilinská univerzita v Žiline, 2020) Cesnek, Tomáš; Decký, Martin; Pitoňák, Martin
The authors present the outputs of a 3D model with real textures of Hričov Castle from 2019 and its improvements from 2020. In creating the model, SvF UNIZA' devices obtained within the project Broker center of air transport for transfer of technology and knowledge into transport and transport infrastructure ITMS 26220220156 were used. The 3D model of Hričov Castle created by Ing. Tomáš Cesnek, currently presents one of the most realistic Slovak digital 3D models created by laser scanning technology. The 3D model will be a part of the permanent exhibition of Hričov Castle in the histori-cal toll building from 1556 in Dolný Hričov.
Design procedure and honeycomb screen implementation to the air transtport department’s subsonic wind tunnel
(University of Zilina, 2020) Hrúz, Michal; Pecho, Pavol; Bugaj, Martin
Wind tunnels are the most widely used tools when comes to validation of Reynold number. Most of wind tunnels use various air straighteners or flow conditioners to achieve as most unified air flow as it’s possible. This article deals with design and creation procedure of air flow straightener – honeycomb screen. Based on mathematical relations and empirical experience defines dimensions and characteristics for subsonic wind tunnel of the Air Transport Department of University of Žilina. Wind tunnel equipped with a suitable screen provides more relevant and accurate data, which are crucial for final validation of results of test objects.
PRÍPADOVÁ ŠTÚDIA REGIONÁLNEHO LETECKÉHO DOPRAVCU- MESA AIRLINES
(Žilinská univerzita v Žiline, 2020) Tomová jr., Anna; Novák Sedláčková, Alena
Regional air carriers are a specific segment of commercial civil aviation. They mainly operated on shorter distance markets and markets with lower demand. They are characterized by different models of cooperation with traditional airlines and are characterized by a unique fleet with smaller capacity aircraft. This paper will be focused on the profile of the regional air carrier from the USA- Mesa Airlines, in terms of selected attributes of the business model, operational and economic development in relation to the reverse load factor as well on current US federal governments state aid to US air carriers during the coronary crisis in 2020.
Study of reinforcement design h-profile of aircraft wing spar
(University of Zilina, 2020) Pecho, Pavol; Magdolenová, Paulína; Hrúz, Michal; Kováčik, Pavel; Škvareková, Iveta
In today's world, with ever-increasing safety requirements, there is a growing demand to maintain or reduce production costs. In aviation, in addition to factors like weight and related variables such as resistance to vibration, corrosion, temperature and other are also considered. The task of this paper is to analyse unconventional designs of wing beams with respect to the current requirements of the aviation industry. In the article, the authors analyse the possibilities of design modification either by adding ribs to the profile, or by changing the cross-section of the profile itself. In practice, such design changes would increase weight, production time and finances, but also increase strength and thus safety. All proposed changes were subjected to strength analyses by FEM (Finite element method) computer simulations. The article output is the selection of suitable designs for further observation and experimental verification to ensure comprehensive results for the possibility of implementation in practice. Despite the non-traditional shapes of the proposed wing beam cross-sections, the authors assume that traditional beam shapes will be gradually modified more efficiently.
Space flights a new option for intercontinetal travel – solution desing
(University of Zilina, 2020) Mrňa, Dominik
This paper describes problem of space flight intercontinental flight with passengers or cargo via suborbital orbits. It describes the necessary monitoring network as well as the operating procedures with connection of flights in airspace and in space itself. Paper takes into account existing models of spacecraft (space vessels) and concept designs to introduce possible solutions to this type of travelling. Last section deals with the issue of ground infrastructure – spaceport, for a given type of transport and focuses on the existing spaceport in USA and presents it as a model for future spaceports around the world.