Práce a štúdie - Vydanie 13

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Accuracy of digital terrain model on forest roads using airborne LIDAR and UAV point clouds
(University of Žilina, 2023) Kardoš, Miroslav; Ferenčík, Michal
A sufficiently dense forest road network is a basic prerequisite for the professional management of forests on the basis of close to nature management. For the purposes of forest management, it is of great importance to determine the state of damage of forest roads, to plan their reconstruction and to calculate the costs of their repair. The dominant method for forest mapping is photogrammetry, which is currently combined with airborne laser scanning data. The combination of these two methods makes it possible to obtain up-to-date and representative forest and landscape information for the purpose of professional and sustainable forest management in the context of 'precision forestry', which is based on the use of detailed site-specific information for the planning, management and implementation of forestry activities. In this paper, we discuss the application of the mentioned remote sensing methods for modelling the surface of selected forest road sections and evaluating the elevation accuracy of the data used. From the point of view of the methods used, both appear to be very suitable for the purpose of detailed surface mapping, condition and damage assessment, or for the optimization and design of new roads.
Forest mapping using airborne laser scanning data
(University of Žilina, 2023) Kardoš, Miroslav
The use of airborne laser scanning technology is nowadays on the rise in Slovakia. The application of this technology in forestry is not lagging behind, and therefore it is important to examine and analyse the process of improvement and application of methods and their use in practice. Airborne laser scanning technology can penetrate under dense tree canopies and vegetation. We can map the terrain and the surface at the same time with relatively high accuracy. The main objective of this work is to validate the methodology of forest dentification, comparison with the reference data of the Land Registry and identification of forests on non-forest land – so called white areas on the basis of freely available airborne laser scanning data. White areas are areas covered with forest trees that are registered in the land register for purposes other than forest functions. The survey plots were selected regarding parameters of structure of forest land, existence of white areas and non-forest land. The data were obtained from the Geodesy, Cartography and Cadastre Authority of the Slovak Republic. The forest classification method was evaluated using the criterion of minimum tree height of 5 m. By comparison with reference data, we identified 2.30 ha of white areas in the area of interest. In conclusion, we proposed solutions for their further management in Slovakia.
Fuels for carbon neutrality in aviation
(University of Žilina, 2023) Valášek, Denis; Čerňan, Jozef
Aviation is one of the fastest-growing industries, but its contribution to greenhouse gas emissions cannot be ignored. In recent years, the development of alterna-tive fuels for aviation has gained increasing attention to reduce carbon emissions and achieve carbon neutrality. This thesis provides an overview of the current situation in aviation, focusing on the use of conventional jet fuels and the need for alternatives. Various types of alternative fuels for aviation are presented, including biofuels, syn-thetic fuels, and hydrogen. The dvantages and disad-vantages of each type of fuel are analysed, as well as the current production methods and their potential for com-mercial use. With a greater focus on biobutanol as an alternative fuel.
Modification of the of the viper SD-4 braking system
(University of Žilina, 2023) Antoniuk, Kateryna; Škultéty, Filip
The Viper SD-4 is an excellent example of a Light Sport Aircraft (LSA) category of training aeroplanes. It is produced in Slovakia and used in several European countries and also in the United States of America. It is a very high-quality made aircraft, but some of the pilots say that it has one not very convenient component, which is the operation of the brake system. In this article researched how the brake system can be modified based on data from other brake systems used for the LSA category. The result of this research is the possible variants of the anticipated modifications and the analysis of the relevance of such changes.
Public support of regional airports in european countries
(University of Žilina, 2023) Koreník, Filip; Remencová, Tatiana
Nowadays, regional airports play several important roles. Their main benefit is the positive impact on the economy in many regions, and they also help to relieve the dense and congested air network in several European countries. However, one of the problems with regional airports is that they are not able to generate a profit. This problem is increasingly becoming a trend. The European Union try to provide public support and state aid to this type of airport, but in spite of this fact, their economic situation is not improving. This article is focused on the issue of providing public support and state aid to regional airports. One of the goals is to clarify in what form public support can be granted, for what purpose, who can grant it and also how much it can be granted. Another objective is to analyse and compare the provision of public support to regional airports in different countries before, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the findings, there were evaluated the effectiveness of public support provision in terms of whether the amount of public support provided was sufficient for airports. The final section suggests options for the future direction of regional airports, taking into account current market conditions.
Analysis of technical modifications to enable combustion of gaseous fuel in a turboshaft engine
(University of Žilina, 2023) Remšík, Matej; Čerňan, Jozef
The aim of this article is to investigate the feasibility of modifying turboshaft engines for gaseous fuel combustion. With growing concern for environmental sustainability and oil price volatility, there has been an increase in need for alternative fuels with gaseous fuels emerging as a potential alternative for traditional hydrocarbon liquid fuels. This article examines the technical modifications required to enable combustion of gaseous fuels in a conventional turboshaft engine, including changes to the combustion chambers, mportance of flame stabilization and also provides an insight into the potential benefits and challenges of such changes to the turboshaft engines.
The posibility of icing during light precipitation as a dangerous phenomenom for flying at Slovak airports
(University of Žilina, 2023) Ševčík, Matej; Šajbanová, Kristína
In this article, we will focus on icing as a dangerous phenomenon for civil aviation. In the theoretical part, we will take a closer look at the conditions under which icing forms, where it forms on the plane and what types of icing we know. Furthermore, the article includes how we can prevent the formation of icing and how we an protect ourselves from it. In the practical part, we will analyze data using METAR reports from airports in Slovakia for the last 5 years. We will determine the conditions under which icing could form and then ompare them together. The result of the work should be an analysis that determines how many times icing occurred at the airports of Slovakia, in what time of year icing forms the most.
Effect of wing surface contamination on aerodynamic characteristics
(University of Žilina, 2023) Gego, Filip; Bugaj, Martin
The article is focused on determining the influence of wing surface contamination on aerodynamic characteristics. This work describes the description of the BL 215 airfoil on which the measurements were made, the factors affecting the change in aerodynamic characteristics, the method of obtaining the values necessary to draw a conclusion, and finally the comparison and evaluation of the resulting values. Through the geometric functions in the Inventor program, a wing model with a laminar airfoil BL 215 was created, the aerodynamic characteristics of which were calculated in the Ansys Fluent program.
Design of the system for the optimal composition of the fuel-air mixture of the M60 engine
(University of Žilina, 2023) Koša, Dávid; Čerňan, Jozef
The aim of article is to design a system for maintaining the optimal composition of the fuel-air mixture in an internal combustion engine, to describe in more detail the principle of mixture preparation with the help of carburation, and in connection with this to explain the issue of exhaust gas temperature. In the first part, the work deals with the function, then the construction, individual types of carburetor, direct and indirect fuel injection. In the second part, attention is paid to the mixture as such, its composition and especially the appropriate ratio of air and fuel. Subsequently, he deals with the issue of the temperature of the cylinder heads and the temperature of the exhaust gases, where he explains how exhaust gases are formed, what they are composed of and what effect they have on the independent operation of the engine. The last part is dedicated to the description of the experimental engine M60, in which the given parameters, construction and partially described development procedure of this experimental type of engine are briefly characterized, but also contains a proposal of a technical solution that will allow control of the composition of the mixture based on the analysis of exhaust gases.
Changes in visibility caused by atmospheric fronts
(University of Žilina, 2023) Valo, Sebastián; Jarošová, Miriam
This scientific thesis deals with the research and analysis of atmospheric fronts and their effect on visibility focused on aviation in Žilina airport, Poprad – Tatry airport and Košice airport. For the purposes of research and analysis of changes in visibility due to the atmospheric fronts passing through, METAR reports from the above-mentioned airports and bulletins of meteorology and climatology published every month were used. We analyzed reports from 2017 to 2021, a 5-year period. In this thesis, there is also an atmosphere with its layers, fronts and visibility. This scientific thesis was developed under the supervision of the thesis supervisor. For the analysis, we used METAR reports provided by the Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute.
Weather and its impact on the work of rescue helicopters in terrain
(University of Žilina, 2023) Zacharová, Alexandra; Čerňan, Jozef
In the article it was necessary to define and clarify the basic theoretical knowledge and concepts in the field of aviation meteorology and also the technical and performance parameters of the rescue helicopters used in Slovakia. It was important to mention and clarify the elements of aviation meteorology that significantly affect the operation and reliability of the aircraft. Based on the theoretical aspects related to the issue, it was possible in the following chapters to proceed to the analysis and detailed examination of the impact of weather on the work of rescue helicopters, which was the main objective of the thesis. On the basis of the analysis of the activities and interventions of rescue helicopters from the past years and thanks to the clarified theoretical concepts, I was able to clarify the impact of weather on the number of emergencies requiring helicopter rescue medical service.
Optimization of ground handling processes at KSC airport
(University of Žilina, 2023) Baštáková, Zuzana; Rostáš, Ján
Content of this professional article is to describe ground handling processes at the airport in Košice. The main goal is to optimize ground handling with an emphasis on their efficiency not only from the point of view of the range and quality of services provided, but also their correct timing. At the beginning of the article, I describe ground support equipments as well as all related activities that must be performed by handling workers to ensure the smooth operation of the airport and the satisfaction of air carriers, including their passengers. Part of the work is the analysis of technical parameters and functionalities of the equipment and technologies used on apron. The next part is devoted to the description and analysis of the system of ground handling at Košice airport. The last part will belong to the issue of process improvement with the identification of proposed changes leading to more efficient ground handling.
Use of advanced materials in aircraft construction
(University of Žilina, 2023) Timková, Monika; Bugaj, Martin
The latest subject of research in the aerospace industry is the design and manufacture of the lightest possible aircraft while guaranteeing safety. Due to the ever-increasing requirements for weight reduction, various researches are underway in the field of nanotechnology and its associated possible implementation in aircraft design. The primary focus of this article is the analysis of composite materials, their structure, fabrication and different types of composites. At the same time, it focuses on their use in specific aircraft structural components. The main focus of the work is to analyze the incorporation of nanotechnology in the production of innovative materials used in aerospace industry, as well as to define nanomaterials, namely nanocomposites themselves. The result of the work is an evaluation and prediction of the use and implementation of progressive materials in structural elements and their impact on the economy and performance of aircraft.
Evaluation of Slovak manufactured aircraft suitable for pilot training in flight training organization
(University of Žilina, 2023) Pavlusíková, Emília Alexandra; Chodelka, Frederik
Aeroplanes described in this paper are designed for sporting and recreational purposes, but also meet the requirements for training purposes of pilots. Paper is focused on detailed characterization and technical specification of individual aeroplane, their usability, safety, and economy. The contribution of the title is to create a methodology for selecting aeroplanes suitable for training purposes in a particular training organization, and subsequently applying the procedure to the one of the aeroplanes.
Analysis of alternative control options fot the ROTAX 915 is engine
(University of Žilina, 2023) Plochová, Jana; Šajbanová, Kristína
This article focuses on analyzing the possibilities of alternative management of the ROTAX 915 IS aircraft engine using the ECU MASTER electronic control unit. The article examines how the use of ECU MASTER could become a beneficial alternative to the traditional manufacturer's control system. The new control system would ensure lower costs for purchasing ECU and reduce the number of sensors required to operate the engine. This would achieve a lower weight of the entire system, which is very important for aircraft in terms of fuel efficiency and cost savings.
Analýza operačného oddelenia leteckej spoločnosti
(University of Žilina, 2023) Chalás, Tomáš; Durkáč, Michal
Článok analyzuje činnosti a každodenné fungovanie operačného oddelenia leteckej spoločnosti. Zaoberá sa ďalej povolaním dispečera letovej prevádzky, jeho náplňou práce a zodpovednosťou, ktorú v rámci svojho zamestnania má. Pri jej tvorbe boli využite rôzne internetové zdroje, interné dokumenty leteckej spoločnosti, knižničné zdroje, ale aj poznanie autora z vlastného pozorovania dennej prevádzky strediska OCC lovenskej leteckej spoločnosti AirExplore. V článku je popísaná aj potrebná kvalifikácia a požiadavky na znalosti pre osobu, ktorá by sa chcela na podobnej pozícii raz zamestnať. Pri skúmaní tejto oblasti boli použité poznatky z platnej legislatívy. V závere práce sú popísané, a navrhnuté zmeny učebného plánu, ktoré by mohli uľahčiť študentom odboru letecká doprava na Žilinskej Univerzite a leteckej spoločnosti výcvik na danú pozíciu.
Práce a štúdie - celé vydanie č.13
(University of Žilina, 2023)
Aircraft airfoils
(University of Žilina, 2023) Haluzová, Kristína; Bugaj, Martin; Hrúz, Michal
This work deals with the airfoils of aircraft. First of all, it focuses on the general properties of wings. Furthermore, the work deals with the issue of various types of wing shape and compares individual shapes of airfoils, their properties and gradual development. Next, current wings of commercial aircraft are described, dealing with the materials used, types of winglets, mechanization of the wing and also different uses of the airfoils. The work also describes and compares wings of two famous commercial airliners – Boeing 737-800 and Airbus A320-200. In the end, the work also focuses on various concepts of the wings of the future, and how sustainability affects future development.
Wing platforms of supersonic aircraft
(University of Žilina, 2023) Tabernaus, Richard; Bugaj, Martin; Hrúz, Michal
Goal of the paper is to describe various wing designs used in supersonic aircraft and their impact on lift, drag and stability with emphasis on high speed civil transport. Paper describes transonic and supersonic region, where formation of shockwaves is prevalent, and air behaves differently from subsonic region. The paper then describes different wing configurations and planforms affect the formation of lift and drag with emphasis on straight wing, swept wing and delta wing planfroms. It also provides insight into the history and the present research of supersonic flight with emphasis on civil transport.
Analysis of the possibility of increasing safety at the selected airport
(University of Žilina, 2023) Šímov, Adéla; Remencová, Tatiana
Civil aviation safety is one of the most discussed issues in air transport. Airport safety must meet certain requirements, both in terms of safety management and security. Therefore, this article is focused on the definition of basic definitions for the issue, such as the already mentioned concept of safety and security, terrorism or theoretical basic models used in connection with the human factor in aviation. In the context of the current situation, there are examined the security systems at airports and their use at specific world airports. The main goal of this article was to analyze security systems at selected European airport, which is Amsterdam Schiphol Airport. Security at this airport is characterized by high level, not only because of the introduction of new technologies in the field of security checks, but also high staff qualification has its part on it. The number of terrorist attacks at Schiphol Airport also showed a high level of security system, with the first and last terrorist attack were in 2009. This attack caused certain changes in the field of security, in particular the modernization of security systems and the additional qualification of staff. Based on the analysis of safety and security system, there were formulated opportunities to increase security at this airport.