Práce a štúdie - Vydanie 10

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://drepo.uniza.sk/handle/hdluniza/450

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Proposal of MCC course training manual for L410 aircraft
(University of Zilina, 2021) Coufal, Bohumír; Škultéty, Filip
Subject of this paper is to propose a possible and notably practically useful training manual for multicrew cooperation training directly suited for use on L-410 airplane type simulator. This paper could be used as study material at LVVC or any other organisation providing MCC training on L 410 aircraft type simulator. Whole paper is divided into three parts: introduction, core and conclusion. Introduction can be understood as a proposition of a problem and determination of paper goals. In its core part, this paper is going to explain the current state of training, legislative issues, technical solutions, analyse possibilities and practical use of this proposed manual. Lastly, there will be evaluation of thistopic in conclusion.
Utilisation of advanced avionics systems in basic flight training
(University of Zilina, 2021) Novák, Jozef; Kandera, Branislav
The paper deals with the use of advanced avionics systems in basic flight training. From the point of view of aviation history, this issue is relatively new, because for many decades only aircraft with analog instruments have been used for training. From the content point of view, the paper can be divided into two significant parts. The first, theoretical part describes the knowledge of the issue. In 2019, two new Zlín Z-242 aircraft equipped with the Garmin G500 TXi glass cockpit were added to the fleet of the Air Training and Education Centre (LVVC). Therefore in the second, practical part we conducted a survey among instructors and students of LVVC on the issue discussed and their experience of training on this aircraft. In addition, we looked at how to effectively train pilots when using training aircraft with advanced avionics systems. Completion of the practical part of the paper was the creation of multimedia learning material, which should help novice pilots prepare for the use of basic features of Garmin G500 TXi and acquaint them with knowledge that will help especially the first flight hours to be more efficient as they begin the training on new aircraft
Design of the reference model of the aero l-39 aircraft
(University of Zilina, 2021) Staňa, Ján; Škultéty, Filip
The object of the research of the paper is to design a reference model of an unmanned aircraft according to the model of the training jet Aero L 39. The work contains an analysis of the methods, procedures and typology used in the creation of reference models. Subsequently, the design of an unmanned vehicle was created using computer modelling, which was subjected to aerodynamic simulations and strength analysis. Aerodynamic performance was investigated on the airframe of the aircraft and strength analyses were determined on specific structural elements. After successful program tests, a functional model of the aircraft was built. The prerequisite was mainly aerodynamic analyses, which should determine with sufficient accuracy the basic structure of the model's flight. The result of solving the problem is a functional model of the aircraft, which is suitable for flight tests using appropriate hardware.
Implementation of SMS into theoretical and practical MCC training
(University of Zilina, 2021) Petríková, Michaela; Jůn, František
The main goal of my paper is to implement safety management system into theoretical and practical MCC training. I was inspired for finishing this paper by my own integrated ATPL training at University of Žilina. Work is divided into three main parts. The first part of the paper is theory of safety management system, safety in aviation, loss of control and controlled flight into terrain. Five air accidents are characterized and analyzed in the next section. This part contains air accident Air Dubnica of two aircraft L410 in Dubnica nad Váhom, Air Accident OSSR An-24 Aircraft in Košice, Aviompanija Tatarstan accident in Kazan, accident of cypriot airline Helios and Pakistan International Airlines accident in Karachi, Pakistan. In the last part of the paper is designed implementation of the safety management system into MCC training.
Possibilities of using unmanned aerial vehicles in forestry and agriculture
(University of Zilina, 2021) Ďatko, Ondrej; Kandera, Branislav
This work analyzes the penetration of the aviation, forestry and agriculture sector and aims to present forestry and agricultural activities where there is the possibility of using unmanned aerial vehicles. In the first chapter, the work deals with the characteristics of unmanned aerial vehicles, remote sensing, forestry and agriculture. The second chapter deals with a particular analyzes of scientific papers, articles and internet research, and on the basis of these analyzes presents examples of activities in which unmanned aerial vehicles can be used. The third chapter provides an overview of technological and software equipment needed to perform such activities or aerial work. In the fourth chapter, through the practical part, work focuses on examining the use of the mid-class unmanned aerial vehicle model for the plant health analysis, while providing justifications and findings from the results. As part of the practical part, it also provides practical information for the individual steps during the planning and operation of flight. In the fifth chapter, the work briefly summarizes the information and results collected, from which it suggests some possibilities for the use of unmanned aerial vehicles, such as their use in the vaccination of foxes, and the recommended procedures for operating flights or aerial work.
Optimisation of turboprop aircraft operations as a means to reduce their environmental footprint
(University of Zilina, 2021) Števárová, Lucia; Badánik, Benedikt
This paper deals with the subject of optimisation of turboprop aircraft operations to decrease their environmental footprint. This aircraft category is not at the forefront of optimisation efforts of operators as it supplies lower volumes of traffic and is equipped with the most fuel-efficient technology for missions served on regional markets. The theoretical part of this paper details turboprop aircraft contributions to global CO2 emissions and analyses aspects behind their efficient performance. Further, it provides a thorough assessment of the operational practices that can significantly reduce the environmental footprint of turboprop aircraft operations. For better illustration, some are exemplified in simple case studies. The practical part of this work aimed to quantify the effects of operational optimisation on turboprop aircraft. Based on the theoretical analysis, we established five operational adjustments whose effects can be determined using performance calculations. These calculations have been carried out using ATR 72-600 aircraft as a reference for a specified average turboprop flight. It was found that through operational adjustments, the fuel consumption on an average ATR 72-600 flight can be decreased on the order of 10%. The energy intensity of operations defined in CO2 per revenue passenger kilometre could be nearly halved compared to actual values of the ATR 72-600 fleet.
Wing magnetohydrodynamic facility of aircraft propulsion system
(University of Zilina, 2021) Miča, Pavol; Čerňan, Jozef
Magnetohydrodynamics is one of the relatively new fields of physics studying the dynamics of magnetic fields in electrically conductive fluids. The implementation using magnetohydrodynamic principles applied to aircraft propulsion systems is so far only in a range of experiments. So far, real applications have occurred only a few times and always only at the level of experiments and prototypes. In my paper, I deal with the application of a magnetohydrodynamic device built into the wing of an airplane. This means should work as a secondary type of drive in cooperation with the primary drive, which is represented by a turbofan motor. The device´s main function is to reduce the fuel requirements of the primary drive and reduce noise and other harmful emissions. The work also includes drawings created in the program AutoCAD, where I designed the location and implementation of a wing magnetohydrodynamic device in the wing of general construction. In this work, I also explore the advantages and disadvantages of using different tips of the primary drive. I am also researching the current state of the problem where I am analyzing the Japanese project of the YAMATO-1 semi-catamaran with magnetohydronymous propulsion and a prototype of an ion-powered crawler from IMT scientists. I also examine in detail all the theoretical knowledge concerning magnetohydrodynamics and wing design. Finally, I compare the advantages and disadvantages of using this tool as well as other technical issues related to construction. This work can serve as a basis for further future research into the application of magnetohydrodynamic principles in aviation
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the business models of regular air carriers
(University of Zilina, 2021) Chovanculiak, Marko; Materna, Matúš
This paper analyzes the changing characteristics of air transportation business models due to the COVID-19 pandemic. These characterics differ with each kind of the air transport carrier. It was possible to observe the changes of the business models characteristics even sooner, during the hybridization. As regards the business models hybridization, it's given that with individual type of carriers it's rather natural activity, resulting from the need of increasing profits, reducting costs or simply the effort to successfully enter the different market. With the business model characteristic changes due to the pandemics it's rather about the forced changes triggered by the need to adapt to the current situation. Each air transport carrier bussiness model characteristics are introduced, followed up by the analysis of their changes. These changes were or are induced by the need to adapt or to completely change their behavior in the pandemic affected time. The analytical part of the paper provides easily understandable results of the air transport carrier’s behavior. It is possible to observe what the carriers are capable and willing to undertake in order to keep the customer. This paper ultimately introduces the forced changes, the air transport carriers had to accede in order to save the business from bankruptcy as well as how it would be possible to adapt their provided services in future.
Unmanned aerial vehicle pilot training
(University of Zilina, 2021) Sklaličanová, Nikola; Kandera, Branislav
The paper titled "Unmanned aerial vehicle pilot training" is focused on the analysis of unmanned aerial vehicle pilot training and the importance of using an unmanned flight simulator during the practical training of unmanned aerial vehicle pilots. For the realization of the paper, we used a device that served to measure the mental workload of unmanned aerial vehicle pilots during simulated and practical flight. Our experiment involved 5 unmanned aerial vehicle pilots in training who had zero or minimal flying experience. The aim of this work was to investigate to what extent mental workload acts on UAV pilots during simulated and practical flights. The measurements and their analysis showed that a much greater load is exerted on the pilots of unmanned aerial vehicles during practical flight. Through a primary experiment of already experienced pilots, we concluded that the majority of respondents would welcome the opportunity to use an unmanned flight simulator during their training. The paperconcludes with a summary of the individual measurement results, graphical representations of the respondents' answers, as well as an implementation design that could be applied to the training of UAV pilots.
The future of aircraft data communication and management as a part of aviation 4.0 concept
(University of Zilina, 2021) Sekera, Jakub; Novák, Andrej
Data communication and management represent a crucial part of future systems in aviation. Huge recent technological advancements have led the whole aeronautical industry into the new evolutionary era called Aviation 4.0. The goal of Aviation 4.0 is the creation of cyber-physical system, following the path from advanced automation, to very first autonomy systems efficiently assisting human. This system involves multiple direct data related applications and devices, including AI analytics, massive use of IoT devices, machine learning capabilities, or advanced monitoring. Due to needed enormous flow of data, current connectivity solutions are becoming insufficient for the future use cases. Near future connectivity problems may become very apparent in datalink. With exponentially increasing amount of data needed by the future aircraft systems, higher datalink communication capacity and better performance of datalink subnetwork are required to meet the higher performance standards and levels of operational safety. This paper offers complex overview of current datalink communication technologies, planned concepts and possible solutions to the problem, in the form of new datalink technology – LEO mega satellite constellation offering Internet connectivity. Through basic deductive research, paper is aimed to study existing datalinks and proposed new LEO satellite communication datalink, evaluating their performance based on the future datalink requirements stated in studied plans and roadmaps. Furthermore, Aviation 4.0 dominant aspects are studied, requirements on future data communication technology are declared, and the possible use cases of Aviation 4.0 smart aircraft systems are showed. The objective of this paper is targeted to determination whether any of the researched datalink subnetwork would comply with Aviation 4.0 future datalink requirements.
Design and construction of a UAV device with a fixed wing for the conditions of rescue services
(University of Zilina, 2021) Petrík, Nikolas Michael; Pecho, Pavol
The paper is focused on comprehensive design of an unmanned aerial vehicle with fixed wing, which would add efficiency to specific activities performed by rescue services. The current rapid development of unmanned aerial vehicles is slowly becoming part of many industries around the world. The aim of this paper is to design an unmanned aerial vehicle that could provide safe, reliable, and efficient operation. The overall design, construction, and installation of the proposed unmanned aerial vehicle should integrate several modern technologies. To make an ideal design of unmanned aerial vehicle it is required to possess the knowledge of current construction methods of additive manufacturing, understanding of legislation in operating conditions and, in addition to general knowledge of unmanned vehicles, also comprehensive skills in programming and configuration of autonomous control elements of autonomous unmanned systems. After the production of the unmanned aerial vehicle with fixed wing, very good technical properties were demonstrated during experimental ground tests. Achieved technical properties are comparable to those owned by the unmanned aerial vehicles that are currently on the market. The final design configuration using an infrared-sensitive optical device could perform activities such as: searching for missing persons in hard-to-reach and vast terrain or searching for forest fires.
Mass and performance estimation of hydrogen and battery powered transport aircraft concepts
(University of Zilina, 2021) Babčan, Viktor; Janovec, Michal
This article introduces the scope and activities linked to an end of studies project. This project is a collaboration between UNIZA and ENAC and includes work of Pascal Roches and Thierry Druot on top of the student and his UNIZA tutor mentioned above. This article describes the environment of ENAC and the particular department CADO in which the project is being accomplished. It also sets the definition of the project, its main goals and deliverables. Finally, it shows methods of the work that has been done so far, that is the completion of the database of 324 commercial aircraft, which took the largest amount of time so far. It also introduces the software, which will be used to define different models required to calculate initial dimensions and performance parameters of battery or fuel cell concept aircraft.
Aspects of airline crew rostering
(University of Zilina, 2021) Le Duc, Manh; Badánik, Benedikt
Airline crew rostering is a complicated planning-type problem, and its objective is to assemble pairings into schedules that maximise the satisfaction levels of crews. The rostering process focuses on achieving a more balanced workload distribution among the crewmembers that allows designing rosters in the interest of the crew. The main purpose of the paper was to explain the fundamental aspects of airline crew rostering and its impact on crewmembers’ fatigue. Additionally, the research identified mitigation measures that airlines should make to combat or mitigate crewmembers’ fatigue when designing their rosters. The paper also allowed readers to understand the effects of fatigue on crew’s alertness and performance. The qualitative research methods (such as literature review) was used to understand the complexity of the airline crew rostering, the flight and duty time limitations, crew’s rest requirement and crewmembers’ fatigue. The survey was used as the quantitative research method to identify crewmembers’ satisfaction with their rosters that would help to optimise the rostering process. An online survey (using Google Forms) was distributed to potential respondents (experienced crewmembers) via email addresses and online platforms. Respondents were asked 18 close ended questions divided into two parts (demographic and operational experience). One hundred eleven responses were gathered, which showed that age plays a crucial role in crewmembers’ fatigue. In addition, cargo pilots are usually more dissatisfied with their rosters due to exhausting flight duty periods at nights.
Analysis and consequences of Boeing 737MAX accidents
(University of Zilina, 2021) Letko, Matúš; Rostáš, Ján
This master´s paper deals with the analysis and consequences of Boeing 737 MAX aircraft crashes from several perspectives. With a chronological sequence and a clear summary of all important facts, this paper offers a comprehensive view of the origin of the whole situation, the subsequent development and includes all consequences of these accidents. Despite the great amounts of information published, it favors facts and scientifically based information, thus contributing to the creation of a factual and objective opinion. The result is a complex view and evaluation of the situation with respect to the conditions in the aviation industry. Finally, it adds value by deriving responsibility from all relevant actors and identifying the circumstances that contributed to the accidents.
The importance of scheduled air traffic for airport existence
(University of Zilina, 2021) Hromcová, Martina; Tomová, Anna
The importance of scheduled air transport for the existence of airports is a topic that is constantly relevant, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic, which has negatively affected operations at all world airports, disrupted its regularity and thus its direct and indirect effects on the region. This work focuses on airports dependent on the operation of scheduled air transport from several perspectives. After an initial study of the available literature on the importance of scheduled air transport for the existence of airports, we defined the terms demand and supply factors of the airport influencing scheduled air transport. One of the key parts of the work is the calculation of the critical number of airport movements, which represents the break even point in the amount of production in which the airport shows no loss but also no profit. The reasons for the abolition of scheduled air services, such as the occurrence of a military conflict near the airport or insufficient research of the demand for air traffic in the area, are described in the chapter analyzing European and global airports with canceled scheduled air traffic in individual case studies. The chapter also deals with the alternative uses of airports themselves, which were forced to terminate their function for the public. Airports and their equipment are highly specialized for use in air transport operations and therefore operators and their subsequent owners often face difficulties in finding alternative uses. An essential part of this work is an analysis of the response of selected European airports to the outbreak of Covid-19 in 2020 and a comparison of the number of passengers carried at these airports in 2019 and 2020. The final chapter contains a summary of findings and the call to change transport policies in the benefit of airports and their protection from future aviation pitfalls such as the Covid-19 pandemic.
Unruly passengers on board aircraft
(University of Zilina, 2021) Lásková, Mariana; Novák Sedláčková, Alena
Unruly behaviour on board aircraft can cause a minor inconvenience to the other passengers, or else, it can escalate to such a degree where the passengers’ safety is jeopardised. Over the last three decades, the number of unruly passenger incidents has increased dramatically. The frequency and severity of such incidents had become a growing concern of the international community and aviation industry itself. Consequently, different preventive and countermeasures have been implemented to cope and deter such behaviour. The primary aim of this paper is to focus on the legal aspect of trying and prosecuting the offenders who have committed an offence or act that jeopardises the safety of aircraft or good order on board. This was accomplished by analysing the international legal framework governing unruly behaviour, namely the Tokyo Convention of 1963 and its amending Montreal Protocol from 2014. The main factor that was observed is the way how these legal instruments addressed the provisions for trying the alleged offenders and their effectiveness in the deterrence of unruly behaviour. In this paper, formal legal and case-study methods, along with comparative reasoning, were used to analyse the legal instruments. The findings showed that the Tokyo Convention had made a valuable contribution to establishing an international security legal framework. However, considerable deficiencies of this treaty have hindered the global legal uniformity and effective enforcement mechanism. Those shortcomings were to be eliminated by the Montreal Protocol. Nevertheless, the analysis revealed that, while it succeeded to eliminate the most triggering shortcoming of jurisdiction, it failed to address the lack of strong enforcement and has even constrained the powers of in-flight security officers. Regrettably, that proves to impede the achievement of the Montreal Protocol’s objectives, and it sees only a small added value. Hence, further improvements are needed to ensure that it is effective in the realities faced by modern aviation.
Práce a štúdie - celé vydanie č.10
(University of Zilina, 2021)
Práce a štúdie - celé vydanie č.10
New threats in security
(University of Zilina, 2021) Kundráthová, Natália; Lysina, Karol
The article is focused on modern threats in the department of security. The urge to address this issue is due to growing occurrence of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) all around the world. The operation of these vehicles is also closely linked to incidents that threaten security, but the most serious are increasing numbers of incidents connected to operation of UAV. For correct processing, it is very important to define the basic concepts and facts related to the topic of UAV. Safety and security in general, are inseparable parts of air transport. Taking into account the constant development of aviation technology, especially in the department of UAV, it is necessary to know the emerging threats and pitfalls associated with the operation of UAV. The following chapters define in more detail the causes of incidents. Later on, we get to know various methods of detection and protection connected to operation of UAV using the comparative method. Key part of our paper is being formed by the analysis of current regulatory framework at European and national level. The result is a proposal for new legislation that could and also should be implemented in national regulations. All things considered, such legislation must meet all attributes necessary for the safe operation of UAV and protection against their illegal use.
Implementation of artificial intelligence at airports
(University of Zilina, 2021) Jágerský, Martin; Tomová, Anna
This paper deals with the trend of implementation artificial intelligence systems at airports, its meaning and impact on the operational performance and functioning of the airports themselves. After summarizing the theoretical knowledge and examining the current state of the problem, there is created a raster of selected crucial operational processes of airports in which artificial intelligence has been implemented so far. The processing of this raster is based primarily on findings of the implementation of AI systems at five selected hub airports. In the paper, there is also examined a status and prospects of the implementation of artificial intelligence in the form of a questionnaire, especially at airports with a smaller number of handled passengers. This paper also discusses the operational and security implications of this implementation, such as faster check-in, easier baggage handling, easier traveling with biometric technologies, improved security controls at airports, improved operational performance with airport robots and more effective elimination of spreading the diseases at airports. The subject of possible economic and sociological consequences is also approached, due to the possible change in the nature of job from the point of view of airport employees and the creation of a certain kind of cooperation between them and artificial intelligence. The conclusions of this paper also include a proposal for a stronger representation of this area in the study program "air transport" with subsequent possible innovation or creation of new school subjects, in order to gain a deeper knowledge to new graduates in this field.
International expansion of ground handling service providers at the airports
(University of Zilina, 2021) Hluško, Daniel; Tomová, Anna
The goal of this paper was to measure and assess the international expansion of independent ground handling providers. Based on the results of individual measurements, we can state that each of the five most important independent providers of groundhandling services selected by us has already undergone a significant international expansion, and thus currently prefers the service of foreign airports to domestic ones. Globalization and the liberalization of the entire aviation sector have largely contributed to this fact, mainly due to the unlocking of market entry and the creation of more favorable conditions on foreign markets. Among the secondary objectives we have included an analysis of the state of the ground handling sector together with an analysis of the European liberalization Directive 96/67 / EC and its impact on the European groundhandling market. The main findings were that for example prices for the provision of ground handling services fell more sharply, while the quality of services increased and the number of providers at airports generally increased, which helped to increase the market share of third-party ground handling providers. The motive for the elaboration of the paper was the outdatedness of previous studies aimed at assessing the international expansion of ground handling service providers. Another motive was the elaboration of a proposal for a measurement method with regard to the performance of providers in foreign markets. The paper presents individual calculations with current input data and classification of providers in terms of the shape of global expansion, taking into account the current ongoing global pandemic Covid-19