Práce a štúdie - Vydanie 10

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://drepo.uniza.sk/handle/hdluniza/450

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Analysis and consequences of Boeing 737MAX accidents
(University of Zilina, 2021) Letko, Matúš; Rostáš, Ján
This master´s paper deals with the analysis and consequences of Boeing 737 MAX aircraft crashes from several perspectives. With a chronological sequence and a clear summary of all important facts, this paper offers a comprehensive view of the origin of the whole situation, the subsequent development and includes all consequences of these accidents. Despite the great amounts of information published, it favors facts and scientifically based information, thus contributing to the creation of a factual and objective opinion. The result is a complex view and evaluation of the situation with respect to the conditions in the aviation industry. Finally, it adds value by deriving responsibility from all relevant actors and identifying the circumstances that contributed to the accidents.
Analysis of selected aircrafts suitable for PPL training
(University of Zilina, 2021) Matula, Dominik; Bugaj, Martin
The main goal of the paper is based on the analysis to define the criteria for selecting an aircraft suitable for PPL training. We achieved the main goal by meeting two sub-goals. The first sub-objective is the analysis of training organizations in Slovakia, on the basis of which we have selected entities for the second sub-objective thus the analysis of selected aircrafts suitable for PPL training. In this work we analyze three, most used training aircrafts for PPL training in Slovakia. We analyze selected aircrafts in terms of three main parts, which include, analysis of technical parameters, analysis of flight characteristics and analysis of operating parameters. Based on the given analyzes, we obtained an evaluation of the characteristics of selected aircrafts, their individual advantages and disadvantages. Other results of the work include the evaluation of criteria that are suitable for aircrafts designed for PPL training. This work can be applied in practice, especially when deciding on the selection of a training aircraft for a student or training organization.
Approach to economic regulation of airports in europe
(University of Zilina, 2021) Hurajt, Marek; Novák Sedláčková, Alena
This paper focuses on the economic regulation of airports in Central Europe and in the world, but also focuses in detail on the method of implementing economic regulation in the Slovak Republic, which results from the transposition of Directive 2009/12/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on airport charges. The introductory part of the paper explains in detail the theory needed for a comprehensive understanding of this task, such as the basic characteristics of the airport and the economics of airports. Due to need for a comprehensive solution to the topic, the airport was examined from an operational point of view, and for the purpose of determining the scope of regulation, the paper also focuses on the characteristics of aviation and non-aviation activities. Paper characterizes the various approaches to economic regulation of airports in selected countries of the world and the countries of Central Europe, where we focused on the forms and scope of regulation, as well as in the case of EU Member States on the implementation of Directive 2009/12/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on airport charges into national legislation. The most important part of the work a comprehensive summary of the approach to the economic regulation of airports in the Slovak Republic from its onset to the present with an indication of the legislation that regulates it. At the same time, the paper points out possible options of changes in the set system, which are benefits of the paper. Paper uses research methods such as analysis, comparison, and abstraction, as well as graphs, figures, and tables, which facilitate the understanding of the task and the researched issue.
Approaches of chosen air navigation services providers to UAV integration into air traffic control systems
(University of Zilina, 2021) Matúš, Peter; Materna, Matúš
In this article are approaches of Air Navigation Services (ANS) providers in chosen countries to UAV integration into Air Traffic Control Systems identified and described. Firstly we made a synpaper of theoretical information about ANS and UAV. Product of ANS providers has 11 parts. For UAV traffic control and management are important ATC, CNS, AIS, MET, ATFCM and ASM services. The volume of ANS provided depends on UAV operation development in the country, and on the level of integration of UAV into ATC systems. The biggest problem of UAV operation is the risk of collision with piloted aircraft, and potential threat of people and property on the ground. The biggest risk is during UAV operation close to airports, because there are many aircrafts flying in low altitudes (after take-off and on approach to landing). The consequences of collision in this altitudes in the most serious. Because of this, 4 ways to detect and 2 ways to mitigate an unauthorized UAV close to airport are currently in use. Various combinations of UAV detection and mitigation ways create complex airport UAV protection systems. Secondly, we chose 7 countries (Poland, Hungary, Germany, Great Britain, USA, India, and United Arab Emirates), and analysed their approaches to UAV integration. In all of the analysed countries can remote pilots use a mobile application, which allows them to create a flight plan, and receive all the information, necessary for the flight. Differences between these countries are for example if the permission in required for every UAV flight (in Hungary and India yes), if the ANS provider has an opportunity to watch UAV during flight (in Poland, India, and partly in Germany), if the UAV operation without direct visual contact between remote pilot and UAV is allowed (in Poland and Germany), and if are UAV operations included into airspace capacity management systems (in Poland, Hungary, Germany, and Great Britain). UAV integration process in next years will relate to development of communication systems between UAVs, between UAV and ATC, and between UAV and piloted aircraft. The process will also relate to development of technologies to avoid mid-air collisions.
Aspects of airline crew rostering
(University of Zilina, 2021) Le Duc, Manh; Badánik, Benedikt
Airline crew rostering is a complicated planning-type problem, and its objective is to assemble pairings into schedules that maximise the satisfaction levels of crews. The rostering process focuses on achieving a more balanced workload distribution among the crewmembers that allows designing rosters in the interest of the crew. The main purpose of the paper was to explain the fundamental aspects of airline crew rostering and its impact on crewmembers’ fatigue. Additionally, the research identified mitigation measures that airlines should make to combat or mitigate crewmembers’ fatigue when designing their rosters. The paper also allowed readers to understand the effects of fatigue on crew’s alertness and performance. The qualitative research methods (such as literature review) was used to understand the complexity of the airline crew rostering, the flight and duty time limitations, crew’s rest requirement and crewmembers’ fatigue. The survey was used as the quantitative research method to identify crewmembers’ satisfaction with their rosters that would help to optimise the rostering process. An online survey (using Google Forms) was distributed to potential respondents (experienced crewmembers) via email addresses and online platforms. Respondents were asked 18 close ended questions divided into two parts (demographic and operational experience). One hundred eleven responses were gathered, which showed that age plays a crucial role in crewmembers’ fatigue. In addition, cargo pilots are usually more dissatisfied with their rosters due to exhausting flight duty periods at nights.
Assessment of aircraft coating resistance to lighting strikes
(University of Zilina, 2021) Sudin, Matúš; Pecho, Pavol
The paper evaluates the damage caused by lightning strikes on various types of aircraft coatings, the extent of the damage and the evaluation of technical and economic factors. The aim of the work is to evaluate and compare the damage after lightning strikes on metallic and non-metallic coatings of aircraft and to find out which coatings are more advantageous from a technical and economic point of view for use in practice. In the introductory part, the work describes the current state, the coating of aircraft, their function and application and the phenomenon when the aircraft is struck by lightning. Subsequently, the work deals with selected coatings and briefly describes them. The main part describes all parts of the performed experiment, samples and technical equipment used for the experiment and compares the damage on selected types of coatings. The last part of the work deals with the evaluation of results, based on which it evaluates the technical and economic advantages anddisadvantages.
The assessment of the catchment area of Žilina airport in terms of inbound tourism
(University of Zilina, 2021) Kohútová, Alžbeta; Kazda, Antonín
The aim of the paper is to assess the catchment area of Žilina Airport in terms of inbound tourism, to consider the possibilities of its further development, and to assess potential traffic flows. The first chapter is devoted to the evaluation of current state and accessibility of the region within the realm of air travel. The second chapter describes the acquired theoretical knowledge about tourism which served as a basis for the Žilina Airport catchment area specification, as well as for defining activities, organisations and facilities crucial for the development of inbound tourism in the area. Another part of the final paper is a short questionnaire which details the interest of spa facilities in the airport catchment area to attract groups of clients who utilised air travel. The results obtained from the questionnaire served as a basis for the last chapter which describes potential customers and traffic flows.
Comparison of fog occurrence at Slovak international airports for the period 1998-2018
(University of Zilina, 2021) Michalovič, Adam; Jarošová, Miriam
The aim of the paper is to analyze and compare the occurrence of fog at the international airports of the Slovak Republic in the years 1998-2018. The paper explains the influence of weather on the flight, the influence of meteorological conditions on visibility, defines the fog and describes the international airports - M. R. Štefánik Airport in Bratislava, Košice Airport, Poprad - Tatry Airport and Žilina Airport. Based on the analysis of METAR reports, we found that the average number of foggy days in the monitored period at Žilina Airport was 132.24 days per year. It is followed by Košice Airport (81.33 days), Poprad Airport (77.81 days) and Bratislava Airport (61.33 days). We attributed the high number of days with the occurrence of fog at Žilina Airport to its location, as there are up to nine water reservoirs and the main course of the Váh River in its vicinity. Bratislava Airport has ideal conditions in terms of visibility. According to METAR, 37 % of foggy days were recorded in autumn, 31% of foggy days in winter, 17 % of foggy days in summer and 15 % of foggy days in spring. At international airports, fog in the autumn meteorological period in the observed period from 1998 to 2018 occurred most often from 00:00 to 12:00, ie mainly in the morning and in the morning, with an incidence of 57 % to 71%.
Conceptual design of the training aerobatic airplane
(University of Zilina, 2021) Klein, Vladimír; Škultéty, Filip
Paper deals with the issue of conceptual design of a training aerobatic aircraft with a tandem arrangement of seats. The first part of the paper is devoted to the historical context of the construction and characteristics of training aerobatic aircraft. The work analyses the current state of training aerobatic aircraft together with the situation of aerobatic aviation in Slovakia. The practical part of the paper discusses the design of a training aerobatic aircraft in the software Rhinocerostogether with the determination of technical and operational parameters and analysis of aerodynamic and stress characteristics
Construction of a reactive engine intended for measurement of thrust characteristics and efficiency of selected aviation fuels
(University of Zilina, 2021) Sitár, Matej; Pecho, Pavol
The content of the research consists in the approach and interpretation of pulsejet engines as simple devices that are able to produce thrust. Relevant information about the principle of operation, the process of manufacturing a pulse engine, together with knowledge about fuels, which are subjected to research focused on the production of thrust, provide the design of a functional valveless pulsejet engine type "Lockwood". The pulsejet engine is designed to measure the thrust characteristics and efficiencies of selected aviation fuels, and its construction is the main goal, which also provides insight into a comprehensive solution to the problem. Experiments focused on fuel research, have become the main motivation for our work, which in addition to theoretical knowledge also captures the factual solution to the problem in its practical part. Thework describes a specific procedure for the construction of a pulsejet engine, but also a description of by-products of this process, in the form of a metal stationary base and the implementation of various functional components into the structure. The results of the experiments represent important outputs of the work, which clarify the values of thrust, which the engine produced when propelled by selected fuels and at the same time provide inspiration for the implementation of other similar research.
Design and configuration of the instrumentation of the Zlín 242L simulator
(University of Zilina, 2021) Lenár, Jakub; Janovec, Michal
Flight simulators play an important role in pilot training around the world. They contribute to increasing the safety of air traffic, allow you to practice emergency situations and non-standard procedures and thus prepare pilots for dangers during real flight. The need for the Zlín 242L simulator arose during the procurement of this type of aircraft for the Aviation Training and Education Center of the University of Žilina. The paperdeals with the design and arrangement of the instrument part of the simulator, while the design is based mainly on the flight manual of the aircraft Zlín 242L. The theoretical part of the paper describes the basic requirements for flight simulators, categorization of flight simulators and within the instrumentation focuses on ways of displaying on-board flight data, describes the display devices within simulator space and examines the requirements for displayed data needed for flight. The result of the paper is the design of simulator instrumentation and subsequent construction of the simulator, which will serve students of the Department of Air Transport for training procedures during the flight on a given type of aircraft, familiarization with aircraft instrumentation, or training in non-standard and emergency situations
Design and construction of a UAV device with a fixed wing for the conditions of rescue services
(University of Zilina, 2021) Petrík, Nikolas Michael; Pecho, Pavol
The paper is focused on comprehensive design of an unmanned aerial vehicle with fixed wing, which would add efficiency to specific activities performed by rescue services. The current rapid development of unmanned aerial vehicles is slowly becoming part of many industries around the world. The aim of this paper is to design an unmanned aerial vehicle that could provide safe, reliable, and efficient operation. The overall design, construction, and installation of the proposed unmanned aerial vehicle should integrate several modern technologies. To make an ideal design of unmanned aerial vehicle it is required to possess the knowledge of current construction methods of additive manufacturing, understanding of legislation in operating conditions and, in addition to general knowledge of unmanned vehicles, also comprehensive skills in programming and configuration of autonomous control elements of autonomous unmanned systems. After the production of the unmanned aerial vehicle with fixed wing, very good technical properties were demonstrated during experimental ground tests. Achieved technical properties are comparable to those owned by the unmanned aerial vehicles that are currently on the market. The final design configuration using an infrared-sensitive optical device could perform activities such as: searching for missing persons in hard-to-reach and vast terrain or searching for forest fires.
Design of a bladeless engine compressor based on magnetohydrodynamics
(University of Zilina, 2021) Stachová, Jana; Čerňan, Jozef
This article is a technical analysis focusing on the design of a bladeless compressor based on magnetohydrodynamics and the possibilities of its use. The aim of this work is to design new solutions in the field of aircraft compressors and to provide a comprehensive overview of scientific information on the topic. Emphasis is also placed on acquainting the reader with the basic principles of magnetohydrodynamics and the possibilities of its application in the field of aircraft propulsion units. The work is a combination of professional research of scientific information in the field of plasma and magnetohydrodynamics and a practical part whose goal is to create new design of a bladeless compressor using scientific observation and modelling methods. This design was also examined in the work using the method of comparison, which aimed to examine the design and its behaviour in different configurations. The main goal was to combine essential and key information from the researched area and apply it in a completely new way in designing new solutions in issued area
Design of the reference model of the aero l-39 aircraft
(University of Zilina, 2021) Staňa, Ján; Škultéty, Filip
The object of the research of the paper is to design a reference model of an unmanned aircraft according to the model of the training jet Aero L 39. The work contains an analysis of the methods, procedures and typology used in the creation of reference models. Subsequently, the design of an unmanned vehicle was created using computer modelling, which was subjected to aerodynamic simulations and strength analysis. Aerodynamic performance was investigated on the airframe of the aircraft and strength analyses were determined on specific structural elements. After successful program tests, a functional model of the aircraft was built. The prerequisite was mainly aerodynamic analyses, which should determine with sufficient accuracy the basic structure of the model's flight. The result of solving the problem is a functional model of the aircraft, which is suitable for flight tests using appropriate hardware.
Design of UAV detection system utilizing communication monitoring
(University of Zilina, 2021) Brodniansky, Martin; Novák, Andrej
Aim of the paper is to design a system capable of detecting unmanned aerial vehicles utilizing radio communication sensing. The need to detect UAVs is caused by combination of their compact size, sensing capabilities, autonomous nature, ways of misusing them or their spread among unprofessional users unaware of their own risky handling of UAV. All these factors can lead to serious security threats and risk to human lives or infrastructure. In this paper, radio communication detection system is proposed as part of a robust system where radio detection is supplemented by other methods, to maximise probability of UAV detection. Significant attention was dedicated to deeper analysis of current progress in the area of radio communication detection systems as well as acoustic, visual and radar detection. Based on this analysis, all systems were compared together based on probability of detection and distances of detection. Comparation together with different properties of detection methods were basic stepping stone for final system proposal. Robust detection system was successfully designed with radio detection as its primary component, radar detection serving primarily as localizer of UAV, acoustic system serving as backup for detection of UAVs without radio communication and visual system for final confirmation of UAV, its model and presence of camera or load
Design optimization of a compressor stage with counter-rotating rotors
(University of Zilina, 2021) Šajbanová, Kristína; Čerňan, Jozef
The paper deals with the design optimization of the compressor stage with counter-rotating rotors, especially in order to create a model which, due to its parameters in real operation, would achieve the maximum possible values of efficiency. The primary goal of this work is to create a design of a compressor stage with counter-rotating rotors from a theoretical point of view. The compressor stage model is created using Inventor modelling software and the subsequent design evaluation and optimization is based on airflow analysis of the compressor stage using Ansys Discovery Live software. The secondary goal is to point out the existence and application of innovative and progressive technology of rapid prototyping in the world of aircraft component production and at the same time to emphasize its benefits in comparison with conventional production techniques applied in the initial stages of aircraft component production.
Differences in approaches to charging for air navigation services in selected countries of the world regions
(University of Zilina, 2021) Vodžák, Milan; Materna, Matúš
The work analyzes and finds out the difference in the charging systems of air navigation service providers in selected countries of the world regions, which is the main financial and economical factor to cover the costs of providing air navigation services. It deals with various charging systems in selected regions of the world by specific air navigation service providers of countries (China, Mexico and the Eurocontrol area), and identifies howindividual differences in charging systems act in total amount of en-route charges. In general, the key factor for considering air navigation service providers is the price of services, but in our work we also deal with the influence of the distance factor on the total amount of the charge and the weight factor, which can be determined in different regions of the world by various approaches. These are two ways determining the number of providers' services which are subsequently subject to a price per unit of that service. The finding of the work is that charging systems for air navigation services which use categorization methods of maximum take-off weight (wingspan), which have the ability to influence the total amount of charges by two factors, first is a unit rate (price) of individual categories, and the second is a change in size of category. Unlike charging systems, where the uniform formula is used to calculate the weighting factor, only changes in the value of the unit rate can be used to change charges.
Electronization of a modern flight school
(University of Zilina, 2021) Dvorščák, Dávid; Novák, Andrej
This paper deals with the selection of a specific solution for the electronic management system of the Aviation Training and Educational Center of the University of Žilina in Žilina. The selection is based on an analysis of system properties and research using a pair of questionnaires in which we found out the preferences of instructors and students in flight training. We identified the basic functions and components of the systems and compared them with the research findings. We fulfilled the basic goal of this paper by selecting three systems, that meet the requirements of students, instructors and flight school. The introduction of one of these systems would simplify flight training for students in the future and increase the overall efficiency of the flight school.
Experimental state of tensile testing of aircraft reciprocating internal combustion engine
(University of Zilina, 2021) Mrva, Matúš; Pecho, Pavol
The main goal of the Paper "Experimental state of tensile tests of aircraft piston internal combustion engine" is to create an experimental and fully functional measuring stand for monitoring the parameters of a model internal combustion piston engine, using different types of propellers. The partial goals are the creation of a teaching aid, the construction of a unique facility and the creation of opportunities for research and development in this area by other students. Using a measuring device, it was possible to record the various operating characteristics of the internal combustion engine. Based on this, the usability of individual propellers for the measured internal combustion engine can be determined.
The future of aircraft data communication and management as a part of aviation 4.0 concept
(University of Zilina, 2021) Sekera, Jakub; Novák, Andrej
Data communication and management represent a crucial part of future systems in aviation. Huge recent technological advancements have led the whole aeronautical industry into the new evolutionary era called Aviation 4.0. The goal of Aviation 4.0 is the creation of cyber-physical system, following the path from advanced automation, to very first autonomy systems efficiently assisting human. This system involves multiple direct data related applications and devices, including AI analytics, massive use of IoT devices, machine learning capabilities, or advanced monitoring. Due to needed enormous flow of data, current connectivity solutions are becoming insufficient for the future use cases. Near future connectivity problems may become very apparent in datalink. With exponentially increasing amount of data needed by the future aircraft systems, higher datalink communication capacity and better performance of datalink subnetwork are required to meet the higher performance standards and levels of operational safety. This paper offers complex overview of current datalink communication technologies, planned concepts and possible solutions to the problem, in the form of new datalink technology – LEO mega satellite constellation offering Internet connectivity. Through basic deductive research, paper is aimed to study existing datalinks and proposed new LEO satellite communication datalink, evaluating their performance based on the future datalink requirements stated in studied plans and roadmaps. Furthermore, Aviation 4.0 dominant aspects are studied, requirements on future data communication technology are declared, and the possible use cases of Aviation 4.0 smart aircraft systems are showed. The objective of this paper is targeted to determination whether any of the researched datalink subnetwork would comply with Aviation 4.0 future datalink requirements.