Práce a štúdie - Vydanie 16

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Súčasný stav a rozvoj systému pohybových plôch na letisku M. R. Štefánika
(University of Žilina, 2024) Adamík, Jozef; Kazda, Antonín
In view of the dynamic development of air transport, it is essential that airport infrastructure is adapted to the requirements of modern aircraft. The thesis analyses the historical development of the infrastructure of M. R. Štefánik Airport (BTS). This research involves guided interviews and questionnaires with seven experts of practice who provided insight into the current state of the BTS airport. These experts were selected from five different areas, including BTS Airport, Air Navigation Service Provider (LPS), noise and vibration assessment (Euroakustik company), runway systems capacity, and the perspective of the Bratislava Metropolitan institute. The aim of the thesis is to propose appropriate recommendations for BTS Airport, the main proposal being the use of one runway (RWY) in 'mix mode' instead of using both RWYs at the same time. This proposal is supported by the cost of the RWY reconstruction, which has been compared with other airports in Europe and North America. To validate the capacity of a single RWY, the Airfield Capacity Spreadsheet Prototype Model (ACRP 79) will be used, in which several inputs have been adjusted according to BTS airport operations such as: aircraft operating from BTS airport, aircraft separations, aircraft approach speeds, and RWY occupancy time. The model simulates operations in August and December 2023 and projected operations in 2028. Other recommendations include modification of some taxiways (TWY), apron modifications, and analysis of the use of jetways on the apron stands. Finally, the impacts of a possible restriction of airport Curfew at BTS are also being examined.
Systém riadenia informačnej bezpečnosti (ISMS) a návrh jeho implementácie u prevádzkovateľa letiska
(University of Žilina, 2024) Gahír, Jakub; Kontárová, Denis
The thesis is mainly focused on solving the problem of information security management system, subsequent analysis of legislative requirements in the Slovak Republic and the EU and comparison of the current state of implementation of the information security management system in the selected area at the M. R. Štefánik Airport in Bratislava with the minimum requirements for the selected area specified in the legislation. The work is systematically divided, with the first part being devoted to introducing the reader to the issues of the information security management system. The second part is focused on the analysis of individual legislative requirements in the Slovak Republic and the EU respectively. The third part is devoted to the components of the information security management system itself. The following fourth part is the main one and deals with the elaboration of the proposal for the implementation of the information security management system at the airport operator and the comparison of the current state of implementation in the selected area at the M. R. Štefánik Airport with the minimum requirements for the given area.
Výpočet a optimalizácia venca lopatiek plynovej turbíny experimentálneho motora
(University of Žilina, 2024) Martincová, Alexandra; Čerňan, Jozef
The thesis deals with the calculation and optimization of the stage of the gas turbine distributor vanes of an experimental engine. The aim is to create an experimental turboshaft engine by combination of the Saphir 5 auxiliary power unit and a free gas turbine with a gearbox, derived from the TS-21 turbine starter. Through calculations, it is necessary to determine the optimal geometric parameters and the resulting number of stator vanes in order to design a 3D model of the gas turbine stator shroud as a connecting element between the Saphir 5 and the free gas turbine, which consists only of the rotor blades. The results of the work and the evaluation consists of calculations of the thermodynamic circulation of Saphir 5 and calculations of gas turbines. It also contains the design of the stator ring of a free gas turbine, as an intermediate member or flange of two aggregates creating an experimental engine. The 3D model and optimization is created using the Creo 7.0 program, which are based on the calculation of the gas turbine itself. In the end, we will get to the answers and to the summary of the results that created the exact design of the experimental engine.
Podnikanie v civilnom letectve v SR a jeho špecifiká
(University of Žilina, 2024) Ďuricová, Ema; Novák Sedláčková, Alena
The paper deals with business activities in Slovak civil aviation from the point of view of connecting international legislation with national legislation. There are described the conditions of business activities, the requirements associated with the receiving of licenses and approximates the connection of general legal regulations of business and labor law to civil aviation. It defines the key European Union regulations and their relationship to national legislation. It analyzes business relations and their impact on the development of aviation, as well as the impact on business activities and the Commercial Code general conditions as lex generalis. In order to define specifics, it compares the commercial law legislation of the Slovak Republic with the Czech Republic in the primary features of establishing legal entities of airlines or airports. The paper is focused on the labor relations in aviation, as well as the issue of established trade unions. It deals in detail with the analysis of the impact of the pandemic caused by the spread of the disease COVID-19 on the civil aviation labor market as well as changes in legislation. The last part of the paper tried to identify all necessity procedures for an airline licensed in the Slovak Republic.
Trhové stratégie v BA so zameraním na Spojené štáty americké
(University of Žilina, 2024) Bendík, Dávid; Tomová, Anna
This paper discusses market strategies in business aviation with a focus on the United States. The first part of the paper is devoted to the definition, origins, and historical evolution of business aviation. It also includes an appraisal of the global significance of BA with an emphasis on Europe and the United States. The second part of the paper explains why it is beneficial to analyse market strategies in BA in the United States. Close attention is given to two highly important market strategies. The third, practical part of the paper provides essential data on the nineteen business airlines discussed by the author, along with an analysis of their fleet structure. In this part, the paper also focuses on the market tenure of the individual BA companies, offers a comparative analysis of their product portfolios, investigates acquisitions and collaborations, and characterizes the United States business aviation segment using Porter’s Five Forces analysis. The last part of the paper is dedicated to the interpretation of the main findings. The analyses conducted in the paper were based on business airline websites, aviation internet magazine articles and a research website that concentrates on the business aviation sector.
Práce a štúdie - celé vydanie č.16
(University of Žilina, 2024)
Využití metod vibrační analýzy pro kontinuální sledování technického stavu kritických prvků leteckého turbínového motoru
(University of Žilina, 2024) Mrakvia, Dominik Michael; Hrúz, Michal
The reliable operation of an aircraft turbine engine is critical to the safety, regularity and economy of airline operations. Existing methods for vibration diagnostics of jet engines have provided valuable information on potential problems and have proven to be an important and irreplaceable tool for jet engine maintenance, especially for predictive maintenance. However, real-time vibration diagnostics of critical components of in-service jet engines is only marginally used and its full potential is not being realised. The main objective of this work is to verify the use of vibration analysis methods currently used in the diagnostic processes of continuous condition monitoring of aircraft jet engines and, in addition, new advanced analysis methods in the environment of a newly designed vibrodiagnostic setup for the purpose of simulating selected types of damage to critical parts of an aircraft turbine engine. The first sub-target is to design, develop and verify the functionality of the vibrodiagnostic assembly for data acquisition and subsequent analysis. The second sub-task is to monitor and record vibrodiagnostic data using an accelerometer. The nature of each simulated condition is determined using vibration signal analysis methods. This provides a small-scale analogy to the diagnostic processes of critical elements of an aircraft turbine engine. The thesis also focuses on the potential for innovation in this area, particularly by improving the use of measured data. The results of the analysis are used to develop a proposal for a possible vibration monitoring system for use in engines currently in service.
Návrh a vybudovanie simulátora pracoviska riadiaceho letovej prevádzky pre potreby katedry leteckej dopravy
(University of Žilina, 2024) Kupka, Hugo; Badánik, Benedikt
The growing popularity of air travel increases the demands on qualified ATC personnel. Despite technological advances offering operational benefits, the ever-increasing need for skilled personnel remains. The diploma thesis deals with the construction of an ATC simulator at the Department of Air Transport. The ATC simulator is an excellent practice-educational aid, among other things, quite fun, for students who are interested in the air traffic control industry or who want to become air traffic controllers. Simulator training enhances their practical skills and prepares them for the demands of industry. Through a study of the global concept of ATC simulators and market analysis, we introduce the reader to the issue of ATC simulators. This is followed by a focus on the analysis of ATC simulators used for personnel training in Slovakia and neighboring countries. After a theoretical introduction to ATC simulators, we define the goals and methodological approaches of the work, which prepare the ground for the following practical part of the work, in which we will focus exclusively on the simulator we built. We will move on to examine in more detail the build, configuration and key roles of the "Escape Light" software provided by Eurocontrol which is our simulation software for ATC simulations. Through detailed explanations and visualizations, we will clarify the functions and features of the individual program parts of the Escape Light software, which are necessary for the effective operation of the simulator. In the final part, we will describe the finished simulator and all the functionalities it has. The creation of the exercise is the necessary conclusion of the construction, and at the same time it is the result of the practical application of the knowledge gained during the construction of the simulator.
Politika obstarania lietadiel leasingom podľa modelu podnikania leteckých dopravcov
(University of Žilina, 2024) Chynoranský, Jakub; Tomová, Anna
The paper analyses the possible dependence of airline business models and the ratio of aircraft acquired through leasing in their fleets. The research sample consisted of 15 airlines, with 4 categories of business models represented: low-cost (LCC), 2 hybrid and full-service network business model (FSC). Based on the results obtained, we can conclude the dependence of business models and leasing ratio in the case of research sample. The demonstrated dependence was confirmed in the analysis when the scale of the fleet was taken into account. The findings confirm the view of the authors describing the low-cost business model as the one with a higher tendency to acquire aircraft by leasing, and, on the contrary, the traditional network model with a lower tendency. However, unlike other authors' studies, we have shown that the increase in the proportion of leased aircraft in fleets over the 2018-2022 study period was experienced by carriers in all business model categories, and the rise in the leasing market was not driven by growth in one business model - FSC. We propose to include the ratio of leased aircraft in the airline fleet among the attributes of the business model analysis, but an important step is to consider fleet size. We recommend conducting a similar analysis on a wider sample of airlines and continuing to research this topic.
Automatický bezpilotný klzák ako nosič aerologických sond
(University of Žilina, 2024) Kapustík, Samuel Michal; Pecho, Pavol
Unmanned aerial vehicles are increasingly being used to make our lives more enjoyable and easier, whether through the ability to capture key moments in our lives in high definition, or by automatically mapping hard-to-reach terrain, or even significantly assisting in the search for missing persons. This thesis discusses and approaches the possible expansion of the usability of unmanned flying vehicles, along with a proposal to create a more economical and environmentally friendly way of using aerological probes, such as the Vaisala RS41, to provide us with invaluable data needed to create accurate weather forecasts. Furthermore, the procedure for setting up such an unmanned flying vehicle using an advanced autopilot system is explained, and this thesis also includes specific results achieved in the experimental work associated with it. With the proposed solution, it will be possible to use the funds allocated to meteorological research and measurements.more efficiently.
Zmeny a doplnenia EASA časť 145 a ich vplyv na CAMO
(University of Žilina, 2024) Krajcer, Marek; Urminský, Tomáš
EASA Part 145, a framework that governs the approval and operation of maintenance organisations, is one of the key elements in the regulatory environment targeting the technical condition of aircraft. Changes and amendments to EASA Part 145, which followed the adoption of Commission Regulation (EU) No. 1321/2014, also affect Continuing Airworthiness Management Organizations (CAMO). This paper examines how these changes of integration are reflected in the actual operation of CAMO helping to understand the degree of interconnection between the aircraft maintenance field and the management of continuing airworthiness. The introductory chapters provide a theoretical overview of the regulations, focusing on EASA Parts 145, M, and CAMO. Based on this theoretical framework, the study presents an in-depth analysis of recent changes and amendments to EASA Part 145, identifying their impact on CAMO operations. The enrichment of the data stems from a survey distributed among experts in practice, capturing insights and firsthand experience. This survey, a central part of the paper, explores their views on the consequences of implementing changes and the challenges they face.
Návrh a realizácia trojvalcového spaľovacieho motora v usporiadaní do hviezdy
(University of Žilina, 2024) Lubják, Peter; Čerňan, Jozef
This article looks at different combustion engine topologies and concentrates on designing and building a two-stroke radial engine prototype for use in aircraft. With an emphasis on these engines' application in the aviation sector, the goal is to offer a thorough understanding of the mechanical factors that influence these engines' efficiency and performance. The articles theoretical section discusses the fundamental ideas behind combustion engines and the benefits and drawbacks of various designs. It also emphasizes the Trabant automobile engine, which has been utilized in aircraft; the prototype motor was built using parts from this engine. The design of the building, the use of contemporary simulation tools for design optimization, and the prototype's production processes are all covered in the practical section. The best way to manufacture anything with a CNC milling machine that is readily available is also covered.
Analýza rizík prevádzky UAS v osobitej kategórii
(University of Žilina, 2024) Hruška, Dávid; Bugaj, Martin
The rapid development of drone technology brings a wide range of opportunities in various sectors, but the integration of drones into urban environments requires a careful assessment of ground risks. This thesis explores the challenges and solutions of risk assessment in Žilina. The thesis uses the SORA (Specific Operations Risk Assessment) methodology and analyses available population density data and city maps. The analysis shows that the operation of UAS in Žilina is associated with different degrees of ground risks, which vary depending on the location and type of operation. The densely populated city centre poses the highest risk. Responsible operation of UAS requires a comprehensive approach to risk management that includes precise route planning, risk mitigation strategies and use of data.
Návrh riešenia riadenia skupiny UAV
(University of Žilina, 2024) Gúcky, Jozef; Bugaj, Martin
This thesis addresses the challenges and solutions to the management of groups of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Using a comparative analysis approach, the research evaluates UAV group management methods in terms of their effectiveness under various criteria. The findings suggest that swarm algorithms, inspired by the collective behavior of natural systems, offer a better approach to achieve decentralized, adaptive, and scalable control of UAV groups. This thesis contributes to this field by providing a comprehensive analysis of UAV group management strategies and demonstrating the benefits of swarm algorithms across a variety of criteria. This research has implications for enhancing the capabilities and effectiveness of UAVs in applications such as search and rescue, environmental monitoring, etc.
Proposal of the training plan for simulator pilots in the environment of LPS SR, š.p.
(University of Žilina, 2024) Poljak, Matúš; Beňo, Karol
The pace of development in air traffic management (ATM) procedures and technologies, along with their implementation into air traffic control (ATC), necessitates the modification of existing training plans for both newly qualified and already certified air traffic controllers (ATCOs) in the Slovak Republic. These changes are integrated into actual operations through practical exercises on ATM simulation devices within the premises of the Training Center of the Air Navigation Services of the Slovak Republic. A crucial component of each exercise is the simulator pilot, whose task is to simulate air traffic operations based on current flight procedures and rules. The aim of this work is to propose a detailed training plan for simulator pilots using MaxSIM and radar simulator for ATM systems LETVIS and Eurocat 2000, specifically tailored to the environment of the Air Navigation Services, taking into account the current requirements and needs of the Training Center (TC) as well as all ATC units using TC services. The resulting training plan includes the structure of the training, outlines of theoretical knowledge, presents exercise objectives, factors monitored by the practical training instructor, and evaluations of the performance of the pseudo-pilot in these exercises. The proposal introduces new exercises that address issues currently not covered in pseudo-pilot training, specifically in the approach control environments of Virtcity, Košice, and Štefánik, as well as tower control environments of Virtcity, Košice, Pieštany, Poprad-Tatry, Žilina, and Štefánik. For the Area Control Center in Bratislava, based on consultations with the lead instructor of this unit, the work suggests specialized exercises where the pseudo-pilot actively assumes the role of controlling neighboring positions, thereby increasing the knowledge requirements regarding coordination between positions.
Compensation schemes for passengers in the context of overbooking in selected countries (regions) of the world
(University of Žilina, 2024) Puškáš, Martin
The work deals with the overbooking as a tool for increasing the revenue of air carriers, the history of its origin and its use in the business model of an air carrier. It describes incidents associated with the application of this tool in relation to passengers and public opinion about air carriers. It also analyzes compensation schemes for passengers in selected countries of the world in the event of denied boarding or voluntarily surrendered a reservation. The research consists of the analysis and evaluation of online information on passenger rights in the context of overbooking that airlines provide to passengers on their websites. In addition, the work makes proposals and recommendations for the amendment of compensation schemes and for increasing the transparency of online information at Slovak and Czech airlines.
Optimisation of airport airside operations and reduction of aircraft delays
(University of Žilina, 2024) Plško, Lukáš; Badánik, Benedikt
The demand for air transport has a rising tendency over the years. This leads to more and more aircraft movements at a given time. This increase may lead to traffic congestions and an increase in aircraft delays. Airports cannot expand indefinitely and therefore they need to look for other options to mitigate the congestions. The main objective of this paper is to increase airport airside efficiency and thus reduce aircraft delays at a chosen airport. Second chapter is dedicated to currently deployed solutions at airports and theories discussed among researchers which may help the cause. Fifth and sixth chapter focuses on airport airside efficiency at the Dubai International Airport. An in-house software solution for tracking ADS-B data is used for these needs. Output of this paper is an analysis of airport operations at the airport and recommendations are made to increase airport airside efficiency and reduction of aircraft delays.
Návrh a realizácia softvérového a hadrvéroveho vybavenia simulátora pracoviska letovej prevádzky pre potreby katedry leteckej dopravy
(University of Žilina, 2024) Remiaš, Matej; Badánik, Benedikt
In the aviation industry, air traffic control simulators are mainly used for training new controllers, but they also have their justification in the field of teaching. The basis of the simulator is the software in which it works and the corresponding hardware. The main topic of the final thesis is the construction of an air traffic control simulator for the needs of the Department of Air Transport at the University of Žilina, the selection of suitable software and related hardware. The hardware was selected based on the minimum requirements set by the software manufacturer for its optimal operation. This process involved a thorough market research through online stores, with the aim of finding hardware with the best price-performance ratio, which would be able to fulfill its function even after several years of its deployment. The result of this work is a functional air traffic control simulator and exercise design in the ESCAPE Light software that can be used for teaching and research at the Department of Air Transport.
Organizácie poskytujúce služby pozemného odbavenia lietadiel, cestujúcich, batožiny a nákladu (GND HDL) a ich certifikácia v SR
(University of Žilina, 2024) Kováčiková, Katarína; Kontárová, Denis
The aim of this article is to introduce the agenda of aircraft ground handling in terms of current and future legislation basis, where the first chapter of the article focuses on the reasons that led to the need for a new (EU) regulation on ground handling. Following this, the objectives as well as respective parts of the regulation are described. The second chapter examines the current state and development of legislation in the Slovak Republic and worldwide by looking at organizations that are trying to contribute to the issue. By comparing the requirements of the IGOM (IATA) manual and the draft Regulation (EU), differences and variations in the approach to dealing with the issue of ground handling are identified. The output of the work is the procedures and requirements for obtaining a ground handling organization certificate in the Slovak Republic and an assessment of the benefits of the new (EU) ground handling regulation.
Inovatívne technológie a nástroje v procese údržby lietadiel
(University of Žilina, 2024) Štefaňák, Mattiás; Janovec, Michal
This master thesis aims to analyze and evaluate innovative technologies and tools through new aircraft maintenance. Through a series of extensive theoretical studies and data obtained during real-life cases, this work will aim to identify the latest trends behind this process and evaluate the impact they have on production, safety, maintenance costs. The most complex theoretical section of the work will be related to such an area as a current state of aircraft maintenance, which in turn will have to integrate dependent trends, such as predictive maintenance, digitization, and state-dependent methods. This part of the work will present the latest technological trends of the industry, such as artificial intelligence and machine learning, 3D printing, augmented reality and virtual reality .The main part of the work will examine the advantages and disadvantages of these technologies, forms of use of AMO technologies, and proposals for improving technologies, such as improving the current use of electronic tablets in the maintenance process, as well as a proposal for the use of AI within the anti-collision system for movement and manipulation of flight on the ground.