Práce a štúdie - Vydanie 12

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://drepo.uniza.sk/handle/hdluniza/729

Browse

Now showing 1 - 20 of 29

Aircraft recycling system optimalization and aircraft sections re-use possibilities after the end of their economic life
(University of Zilina, 2022) Chebeň, Juraj; Rostáš, Ján
Purpose of this article is to evaluate re-use of sections from retired aicraft for further usage and additional optimalization of recycling and re-use of materials used in aircraft construction. With hundreds of commercial airplanes retired every year, the need for innovative approaches in recycling process rises. The concept of re-using parts from retired aircraft is not new. Before scrapping, valuable parts are of course stripped of the airplane. The article assesses if there is possibility to re-use parts and sections that usually end up scrapped in aviation and under which circumstances. Its first part is focused on analysis of procedures currently utilized during aircraft recycling, including brief description of decomissioning process, current state aircraft recycling in general, processes of disassembly and dismantle, existing facilities, description of recycling of alloys and composite materials. Second part deals with legislative, technical and environmental options of aircraft recycling and re-using aircraft sections. Third part focuses describes current parts market, together with proposal how to make it more efficient, current and possible future trends concerning aircraft recycling and re-use of materials and comparison of recycling between USA and Europe
Airport operation disruptions
(University of Žilina, 2022) Beťková, Kristína; Kazda, Antonín
Disruptive events have a very strong potential to create a problem, spreading onwards to different participants in the chain of air travel. To minimalize the negative effects, this paper focused on how an airport can deal with disruptive operations effectively. The target of this paper was to come up with a step-by-step method, that airports could follow when coming up with a plan on how to manage their operations during these events. In order to reach this goal, it was essential to understand the principles causing disruptions and furthermore, categorizing them respectively. In addition to that, we had to find out what is the contribution of each category to the overall state of delays. Thanks to interviews with professionals at different international airports, we were able to come up with plans of trainings and exercises as a part of the suggested strategy. At the same time, in the proposed plan, several factors were mentioned, which were considered as an important part of the operations during interruptions that airports should not forget about.
Analysis of trends and possibilities of reducing waste production on board of aircraft and inovative systems for its assessing
(University of Zilina, 2022) Juríková, Terézia; Rostáš, Ján
A major trend in the 21st century is the protection of the environment from a global perspective, which is associated with reducing emissions and reducing waste production. Therefore, we try to apply the same trends in aviation. With the help of progressive technologies, we ensure the reduction of emissions. However, the issue of waste generated on board of aircraft during the flight is not comprehensively identified. This diploma thesis deals with the topic of reducing waste production on board. The main goal of this work is to analyze the current state of the problem and the subsequent creation of innovative solutions in the form of operating procedures for organizations operating in aviation. The laws and directives valid in the territory of the Slovak Republic in the application of relevant regulations and other EU legislation were used to prepare the work. Articles, studies and methodologies of foreign authors have contributed appropriately to the completion of the theoretical part of the thesis and to a better understanding of the issue. The first chapter presents the current situation and legislative requirements in the field of waste generated on board aircraft. The second chapter describes waste recovery processes and related processes such as landfilling, incineration and recycling. The possibilities of using alternative materials and the application of optimal recycling technologies are described in the third chapter. The practical part of the work was the creation of progressive procedures on board aircraft and in handling or catering companies. At the end of the work, the impact of the created procedures on the environmental, socioeconomic, and operational environment is described.
Baggage policy of European airlines
(University of Zilina, 2022) Kožušník, Jozef
The purpose of this article is to research the baggage policy of European airlines. Its main objective is to identify groups of European airlines based on the used baggage policy and to compare the baggage policies of selected European air carriers in terms of cost-effectiveness for a passenger. The current state of baggage policy research, focusing mainly on the United States, has highlighted the lack of comprehensive research on European air carriers' baggage policies. Therefore, the actual research in this paper examines European airlines' carry-on and checked baggage policies and their charging. It then uses two model cases to compare the baggage policies of selected airlines in terms of cost-effectiveness for the passenger and examines the pricing applied to baggage fees. The research results in the determination of the most advantageous booking method with respect to baggage fees. Simultaneously, three groups of European airlines were identified according to the baggage policy used
China as a new competitor on the global market of civil aircraft
(University of Zilina, 2022) Krajčo, Tomáš
This paper deals with the Chinese aviation industry and its current state, and the main goal of this paper is to find out whether China, in terms of its position, can compete with the current Airbus-Boeing duopoly in the coming years on the large civil aircraft market, while it also aims to set possible scenarios of the development of the large civil aircraft market. The paper approaches the matter through the historical development and the current state of the large civil aircraft market to find out whether there is any perspective and chance for a new competitor to succeed, and the Chinese aviation industry, which allows a better understanding of the problems that China faces in the production of large civil aircraft. In the third chapter, a comparative method is used and its result is the determination of the competitiveness of large civil aircraft produced by China in comparison with those produced by European and American manufacturers, while it also points out their strengths, weaknesses and potential customers. In the last chapter of the paper, the “Compound Annual Growth Rate” method is used along with findings gained from pervious chapters in order to determine possible development scenarios of the large civil aircraft market regarding the position of China. While determining the scenarios, the current and possible future geopolitical situation, political relations of China and the resulting factors with the potential of affecting the Chinese aviation industry were taken into account. This paper also points out China’s biggest problem, due to which, despite the enormous effort, it has not yet entered the market of large civil aircraft, with the problem being the dependence on foreign aviation technologies caused by the lack of expertise and experience stemming mainly from the historical development of the Chinese aviation industry. The paper also points out that, despite the slow development of the Chinese aviation industry, the entrance of China to the large civil aircraft market is only a matter of time. The results of paper about diploma thesis can be used to help to decide what threat China does pose to the Airbus-Boeing duopoly.
The COVID-19 crisis and its impact on changes in air transport
(University of Zilina, 2022) Zermeghová, Michaela; Novák-Sedláčková, Alena
The aim of this paper is to identify the effects of the corona crisis on air transport and the changes that this crisis has brought. It deals with the analysis of selected airlines, navigation service providers and airports from the EU (Slovakia, the Czech Republic, France), the United Kingdom, the USA and the United Arab Emirates, whose economic indicators as well as economic and operational results show how the measures in place affect their operation. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive view of how air transport has changed as a result of the pandemc COVID-19, as well as to make proposals for revitalization measures to help the aviation sector.
Danger of icing when operating unmanned aerial vehicles
(University of Žilina, 2022) Ondrejková, Ivana; Kandera, Branislav
The paper examines icing on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) during the flight. We chose the Mavic Pro and Mavic 2 Pro UAV by company DJI to carry out the research. Research flights are performed during the early morning hours with meteorological conditions suitable for icing. We use the AirData application to analyse flight data. The aim of the work is to find out how dangerous icing is, what meteorological conditions are suitable for icing, how fast icing is formed during the operation of an unmanned aircraft and how it is possible to suppress or eliminate icing. In introduction of this work elaborated theoretical knowledge about the formation of icing and its types. Subsequently, the negative effects of icing on the flight are described, such as changes in lift, drag, controllability of the aircraft and others. The following section describes the accidents of UAV due to the impact of icing. After analysing the data from the mentioned application, we proposed recommendations for pilots of UAV. Before the flight, we recommend checking the meteorological forecast, focusing on the temperature and humidity at the flight area, usually up to 120 meters above the Earth surface. In-flight recommendations include monitoring rotation speed of propellers and frequent inspection of propellers in meteorological conditions suitable for icing and others.
Design and implementation of equipment for partial use of combustion engine exhaust energy
(University of Zilina, 2022) Szarowski, Alec; Čerňan, Jozef
The content of the diploma thesis was the design and implementation of equipment for the partial use of exhaust gas energy of the internal combustion engine and the possibilities of using this equipment in internal combustion engines. The aim of this work is to design a scheme and 3D model of the converter for energy recovery from exhaust gases based on magnetohydrodynamics, and also to provide scientific information and inform the reader as much as possible about the theory of magnetohydrodynamics and the use of these theories in energy recovery. The work provides scientific information in the field of hydrodynamics, magnetohydrodynamics of engines and emissions and in the practical part is designed and built magnetohydrodynamic converter which was one of the main objectives of this work together with key information from the researched area and their application to the converter.
Design and implementation of the aerobatic fuel system of the M60 engine
(University of Žilina, 2022) Horák, Tomáš; Čerňan, Jozef
The paper deals with the specific modification of the M60 two-stroke engine so that the engine can be used in aerobatic conditions. In the introduction of the paper, the basic theory concerning piston two-stroke engines, the principle of operation of this engine, and the analysis of individual fuel systems is first discussed, with a focus on fuel injection systems and their components. Furthermore, the preparation of the fuel mixture is characterized together with the factors affecting it and also the basic characteristics of the engine control unit. In this way, the reader will gain the knowledge necessary for a better understanding of the following chapters. The motivation is to find a way to modify the non-aerobatic engine for the needs of aerobatic flight, and this modification includes a number of important advantages over the original fuel system design mentioned in the paper. At the core of the paper, we discuss the design of the fuel system, including important modifications, and also the practical implementation of this fuel system on the engine mentioned above. At the end of the paper, we evaluate the results of the work achieved by changing and modifying the fuel system on the M60 engine, including the achievement of the set objectives.
Design of particle image velocimetry system for the wind tunnel of University of Žilina
(University of Zilina, 2022) Pancurák, Daniel; Pecho, Pavol
Due to always ongoing innovation in research ability of our research facility it was decided to innovate already existing wind tunnel by implementing system of Particle Image Velocimetry. Main goal of this thesis is to create sufficient technical solution for implementation of Particle Image Velocimetry measuring systems. This system will allow creation of accurate measurements of aerodynamic forces and visualise airflow direction and its strength. Implementation of this system consists of designing sufficient structure to allow proper mount and movement of laser light source, which will be high power laser and mount for camera, which will be used to capture images of airflow of measured parts. In terms of laser stand, the main goal was to simplify the construction to decrease costs of structure and to create room for future upgrades and implementations of possible motorisation and electronic controls. For main construction were chosen steel profiles with square cut and size of 30x30 mm to match already existing construction used to stabilise measured part in test chamber. Implementation of this system of measurement will increase research abilities and it will create room for more projects, which depend on this method of measurement. Particle Image Velocimetry has wide range of usage from automotive industry through aviation to designing of spray nozzles. This will create large research opportunities for other facilities and professionals from different parts of industry, since this technology will be one of the first implemented into wind tunnel in Slovakia.
Digitalization of the maintenance process for the needs of the CAO organization
(University of Zilina, 2022) Mariňák, Róbert; Braciník, Tomáš
Digitalization and automation are unstoppable processes that are linked to the present and have a significant impact on the efficiency of the work carried out in aviation or any other industry. The aim of this article is to create a digital maintenance environment for the needs of the Combined Airworthiness organisation (CAO), which is part of the Air Training and Education Centre of the University of Žilina. Such software would unify and facilitate the overall maintenance process performed by the CAO. In this article we have evaluate the requirements of the CAO organisation and the legislation in force. During the development process, we communicated extensively with both the experts and the maintenance staff for whom we were developing the program. Then, based on what we learned, we created a basic structure of the required software and hardware needed to create a digital maintenance environment and started building it. We have then described all the processes involved in the program and its components to the extent that this article can partially serve as a guide for the creation of such a program. Methods of drawing on software and hardware resources have been purposely limited in the article to free products or to those, that are commonly available in price. The work has resulted in functional software that contains all the necessary documents, job cards and forms to carry out maintenance and substantially replaces the more paper-intensive form of data entry and storage.
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on pilot training
(University of Žilina, 2022) Butuk, Yosef; Škvareková, Iveta
The COVID-19 pandemic had a negative impact on all areas of human development. The air transport industry has been forced to adopt virtually all of its activities to meet rapidly changing travel regulations and requirements. The main goal of this paper was to identify the impact of the pandemic on pilot training. For this purpose, an analysis of many aspects were carried out, such as, for example, the impact of the pandemic and related restrictions on the psychological state, physical health, and the very quality of education in these difficult times. The paper also contains information about the pandemic's impact on aviation in general and active pilots, and about how the pandemic affected them.
Impact of fatigue on pilot reaction time
(University of Zilina, 2022) Sloboda, Peter; Škvareková, Iveta
The main goal of the diploma thesis is to analyze the impact of fatigue on the reaction time of the pilot, its possib;ilities of elimination and ways of solving the problem, which greatly affects safety in air transport. The measurements took place at different times, in the morning and in the afternoon, on the basis of which we will compare the length of the reaction time to visual stimuli affected by fatigue. We performed measurements for safety reasons on the L-410 simulator. The simulator is equipped with two cameras based on which we will analyze the length of the reaction time.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the economic performance of European air navigation providers
(University of Zilina, 2022) Varholíková, Diana
The main objective of paper, is to evaluate the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on the economic results of European air navigation service providers. The paper provides a set of information; the impact of the pandemic on air traffic in Europe, funding and forms of financial assistance to air navigation service providers in Europe. The findings are based on the synthesis of the knowledge from the research. Two analyses are carried out to achieve the goal. The first analysis focuses on selected financial and economic indicators for all 37 air navigation service providers and concentrates on the pre covid period. Due to the limited data availability, second analysis looks at the three selected European air navigation service providers and compares the financial analysis indicators for 2019, i.e. the year before the outbreak of the pandemic. It also includes 2020, 2021, while the Covid outbreak persisted in Europe. The findings of the paper confirm the stable development of financial and economic indicators in the pre-recession period and also the deteriorating situation during the Covid period. In the conclusion, recommendations are proposed to help to identify more comprehensively the impact of crises such as the Covid-19 crisis on the financial situation of air navigation service providers in order to create a more resilient funding system.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the economic performance of the European air carriers
(University of Zilina, 2022) Mikulášiková, Michaela
The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic which was officially declared in March 2020 as a whole new global risk, has negatively affected operations in all industries around the world. Air transport was one of the first sectors to be affected the most by this event as the disease has been easily transmittable among people. As a measure to prevent the spread of the disease, governments around the world have severely restricted international commercial air traffic. These travel measures have significantly reduced the market value of airlines operating scheduled passenger air services worldwide, where operations have had to be largely limited or even canceled by air carriers. These facts motivate to research the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the performance of air carriers, which is also the main aim of this paper. This paper examines the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on 15 European airlines using economic analysis of the influence of the determining factors.
Influence of stress on the performance of pilots in training
(University of Žilina, 2022) Goldschmidt, Jakub; Kandera, Branislav
This paper deals with the influence of stress that affects pilots in training, how stress affects their daily lives, but especially how it affects their concentration and performance during pilot training. It describes what risks, whether mental or physical, can occur to pilots in training. It also discusses about the factors that affect pilots. One of the factors is the kinetosis, to which more attention is paid and which had also become the subject of the research in this diploma thesis. The aim was to use a questionnaire to find out whether the pilots in the training encountered signs of motion sickness during the training, how it affected their concentration and how they dealt with these situations. In conclusion, based on these responses, we suggested possible preventive solutions for other future novice pilots on how to avoid motion sickness and if it had already occured, how it should be eliminated as much as possible not to affect performance and concentration of pilots.
The issue of glycaemia and heart rate variability of flight crew during emergency situations using HRV corsense elite
(University of Zilina, 2022) Pudíková, Alžbeta; Škvareková, Iveta
The purpose of this article is to research the issue of glycaemia and heart rate variability (HRV) of flight crew, while these physiological processes are investigated during emergency and abnormal situations on the flight simulator. Stressful situations, which pose dangerous emergency situations for pilots during the flight, raise blood sugar level to ensure the brain has enough glucose during stressful situations. The attention is also given to assessing the effect of fasting blood glucose on flight crew performance, stress and heart rate variability. We try to focus on the overall evaluation of the impact of the above physiological processes during flights in which selected emergencies occurred in order to increase the level of stress hormone – cortisol, which is produced during workload and stress. The autonomic nervous system and its parasympathetic and sympathetic branches affect the heart functioning and its activity. The methods used to measure blood glucose and heart rate variability are non invasive methods of measurement. The survey compares the results of measurements from samples of ten pilots studying the field of professional pilot. As proper eating habits are important for safe flight, we are trying to find out how the absence of food for at least 12 hours can affect pilot’s performance as well as heart rate variability in the research.
Noise load at the airport M. R. Štefánik in Bratislava
(University of Zilina, 2022) Štefanec, Filip; Kazda, Antonín
The aim of the article is to describe the current state of noise pollution at the airport M.R. Štefánik and analyze the change in noise pollution when changing the occupancy level of the airport M.R. Štefánik in Bratislava. Another goal of the article is to design an optimal runway system that would be suitable for the future needs of the airport and to compare the current noise load of the current runway system with an alternative noise load when changing the configuration of the runway system. The article also briefly describes the noise, the factors influencing its spread in various environments, the reasons for the generation of noise in air transport and its negative effects on people or the environment.
Noise optimisation of aircraft jet engines
(University of Zilina, 2022) Veľký, Patrik; Pecho, Pavol
Aviation industry is source of noise, which has negative impact to human health and significantly influences surrounding fauna and flora. Nowadays tendency and also a need of higher care about environment concerns the aviation sector as well, which has eminent negative aspects to environment. This study is concentrated on concept solution of changes of jet engine´s output parameters, especially focused on noise emissions, using shape changes of nozzle of created 3D jet engine model, what allows simpler, economic undemanding, but relevant resulting analyse of fluid flow through the engine. Object of the research is influence of the nozzle shape to the created noise effect, which was made by fluid flow going through this shape. The goal of the study is to make and analyse as much as possible ideal shape characteristics of jet engines with the reference to the noise. The result is evaluation of possibility to do some kinds of research and analysis of jet engines on 3D models of jet engines, their comparison with reference to another parameters, such as: thrust or fuel consumption. To completing research were used facilities, devices and places of Air Department, also necessary tools and other stuff which belongs to the owner of this study. For modelling 3D model of engine and nozzle shapes, was used computer software and production of these shapes allows 3D printer. Used methods for creating nozzles are with regards to real shapes of engine. Results and conclusions of this research are appropriate to be used in praxis of air or another industry, whose purpose is utilizing thrust units. With application of these data is possible the achieve reduced noise of certain unit, with some changes of other parameters, such as: increased or decreased fuel consumption or thrust, according to the initial requirements. Moreover, these results can be used not only for industrial purposes, but also are relevant for economics.
Práce a štúdie - celé vydanie č.12
(University of Žilina, 2022)