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Item State aid schemes in aviation sector in times of the crisis caused by COVID-19 as a tool to revitalize the sector(University of Zilina, 2022) Osvald, Frank John; Novák Sedláčková, AlenaThis article is focused on state aid schemes as a tool to revitalize the sector in times of crisis COVID-19. The aim of the article is a comprehensive analysis of state aid in air transport and the subsequent proposal of measures to revive the sector and a proposal for changes in the air transport market after the coronacrisis. Article defines the various stages of state aid in air transport in the past as well as during the crisis caused by the spread of COVID-19. There are analyzed approaches to dealing with state aid to airlines and airports before and during the crisis. At the same time, the article also focuses on the impact of the coronacrisis on air navigation service providers. In the end are identified key components to revitalize air transport and the proposal of changes in the air transport sector caused by the coronacrisis.Item The influence of air accidents on legislation in civil aviation in Slovak and Czech Republic(University of Zilina, 2022) Bobek, Filip; Novák Sedláčková, AlenaThis paper deals with the influence of air accidents on legislation in civil aviation in the Slovak Republic and Czech Republic. Firstly, it focuses on defining essential terms, organizations, laws, and regulations which are affecting air accidents investigation. All these elements are based on the aviation regulation L13 (ANNEX 13). Then it deals with detailed analysis of chosen air accidents that happened in Czech or Slovak Republic. As a result of previous research have been defined categories of the most common causes of air accidents between the year 2016 and 2020 which occurred in Czech and Slovak Republic and created their classification. The main goal of the paper was to identify new legislation measures and changes, which have been propounded or adopted to prevent another air accidents with the same or similar causes in the future. Among those regulations belongs for example area 100 KSA, AUPRT or background checks. Lastly it deals with the upcoming legislation changes affecting civil aviation in Slovak Republic.Item Approach to economic regulation of airports in europe(University of Zilina, 2021) Hurajt, Marek; Novák Sedláčková, AlenaThis paper focuses on the economic regulation of airports in Central Europe and in the world, but also focuses in detail on the method of implementing economic regulation in the Slovak Republic, which results from the transposition of Directive 2009/12/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on airport charges. The introductory part of the paper explains in detail the theory needed for a comprehensive understanding of this task, such as the basic characteristics of the airport and the economics of airports. Due to need for a comprehensive solution to the topic, the airport was examined from an operational point of view, and for the purpose of determining the scope of regulation, the paper also focuses on the characteristics of aviation and non-aviation activities. Paper characterizes the various approaches to economic regulation of airports in selected countries of the world and the countries of Central Europe, where we focused on the forms and scope of regulation, as well as in the case of EU Member States on the implementation of Directive 2009/12/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on airport charges into national legislation. The most important part of the work a comprehensive summary of the approach to the economic regulation of airports in the Slovak Republic from its onset to the present with an indication of the legislation that regulates it. At the same time, the paper points out possible options of changes in the set system, which are benefits of the paper. Paper uses research methods such as analysis, comparison, and abstraction, as well as graphs, figures, and tables, which facilitate the understanding of the task and the researched issue.Item Unruly passengers on board aircraft(University of Zilina, 2021) Lásková, Mariana; Novák Sedláčková, AlenaUnruly behaviour on board aircraft can cause a minor inconvenience to the other passengers, or else, it can escalate to such a degree where the passengers’ safety is jeopardised. Over the last three decades, the number of unruly passenger incidents has increased dramatically. The frequency and severity of such incidents had become a growing concern of the international community and aviation industry itself. Consequently, different preventive and countermeasures have been implemented to cope and deter such behaviour. The primary aim of this paper is to focus on the legal aspect of trying and prosecuting the offenders who have committed an offence or act that jeopardises the safety of aircraft or good order on board. This was accomplished by analysing the international legal framework governing unruly behaviour, namely the Tokyo Convention of 1963 and its amending Montreal Protocol from 2014. The main factor that was observed is the way how these legal instruments addressed the provisions for trying the alleged offenders and their effectiveness in the deterrence of unruly behaviour. In this paper, formal legal and case-study methods, along with comparative reasoning, were used to analyse the legal instruments. The findings showed that the Tokyo Convention had made a valuable contribution to establishing an international security legal framework. However, considerable deficiencies of this treaty have hindered the global legal uniformity and effective enforcement mechanism. Those shortcomings were to be eliminated by the Montreal Protocol. Nevertheless, the analysis revealed that, while it succeeded to eliminate the most triggering shortcoming of jurisdiction, it failed to address the lack of strong enforcement and has even constrained the powers of in-flight security officers. Regrettably, that proves to impede the achievement of the Montreal Protocol’s objectives, and it sees only a small added value. Hence, further improvements are needed to ensure that it is effective in the realities faced by modern aviation.Item The airspace of SR and its protection(University of Zilina, 2021) Fábryová, Natália; Novák Sedláčková, AlenaThe paper deals with international regulations of airspace of the Slovak republic and its protection. The paper is focused on the sovereignty airspace and free route airspace. The state has complete and absolute sovereignty over the airspace located above its territory. Airspace protection is important for ensuring territorial inviolability of the Slovak republic. There are defined the categories and classes of airspace. The last chapter consist of a NATO Integrated Air and Missile Defence System, its history and especially its function. In this chapter is defined the idea of „air policing “, which means the protection of airspace itself that is performed during the peace. In this part is described the position of emergency fighter pilots at Airport Sliac and model situations, but also the real situations, when Slovak emergency fighter pilots had to interfere against the aircraft that lost connection with air traffic management.Item Legislative framework for an aircraft maintenance technician(University of Zilina, 2021) Máčadi, Marek; Novák Sedláčková, AlenaThe purpose of this paper is to create up-to-date aviation legislations study material focused on the continuing airworthiness of aircraft and aeronautical products, parts and appliances, and on the approval of organisations and personnel involved in these tasks for future students of aircraft maintenance technology at the Air Transport Department, FPEDAS of the University of Žilina. As a relatively new studying programme, it has a lack of study materials in the field of aviation legislation, mainly in the field of aviation maintenance, whether in terms of technical requirements of aircrafts airworthiness or their certification. The first chapter of the paper is focused on a brief acquaintance with the history of aircraft maintenance and procedures applied in aircraft maintenance. We point to the modern history of aircraft maintenance, including EU legislation. In the second chapter, the work focuses on the international legal regulation of this issue as well as on the position of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and the European Civil Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) and their activities in this area. In the following chapters, the paper deals with the current regulations of the EU Commission and Parts important not only for aircraft maintenance technicians, but also for training organizations in the field of aviation maintenance. In the end the paper deals with legislation necessary for the certification of an aircraft and requirements that are applied in the operation procedures of any civil aircraft for the purposes of commercial air transport.Item International regulation of air freight(University of Zilina, 2021) Sitarčík, Adam; Novák Sedláčková, AlenaThis article is focused on the issue of air freight, its development, importance and current status. The article defines general knowledge in the field of civil cargo air transport as history, current global events, current measures due to the pandemic of the spread of Covid-19 and the division of airlines according to business models. It also includes the periodic development of legislation in the field of air transport freight, global and European legislation, as well as air alliances and organizations in civil aviation. The article deals with contracts in the field of air freight transport such as transport contract and agent contract. Conclusion is focused on the importance of the today's study materials in the field of air freight and also declared that this article and the bachelor thesis could stands out as a supplementary material for the professional public, which will enable them to deepen their knowledge in the field of air freight.Item Protection against acts of unlawful interference in civil aviation in the conditions of the Slovak republic and the Czech republic(University of Zilina, 2021) Mikulová, Deana; Novák Sedláčková, AlenaThis paper which deals with the issue of “Protection against acts of unlawful interference in civil aviation in the conditions of the Slovak Republic and the Czech Republic” and is divided into four main parts. The first part is focused on the basic definitions and concepts of security, which is based on the aviation regulation L17 (ANNEX 17). The second part deals with the typology of threats that pose a danger to air transport together with an indication of specific events related to illegal acts and also points out the measures taken to prevent the recurrence of such acts. Subsequently, the historical development of international legislation in this area is characterized in more detail chronologically from the oldest legal norms to the latest legislation at present. A fundamental element of this paper is a comparison of legislation of the Slovak Republic and Czech Republic. The last part presents possible visions for the future, which consist of modern and intelligent technologies that could be applied in the fight against acts of unlawful interference in the coming years.Item The coronacrisis and its impact on changes in civil aviation legislation(University of Zilina, 2021) Verhaar, Robert; Novák Sedláčková, AlenaThe paper deals with the analysis of the impact of the coronacrisis on civil aviation legislation. Its main goal is to analyse the impact of the coronacrisis and some of the measures taken to mitigate this impact on civil aviation. The paper consists of four chapters. The first chapter is focused on the analysis of the onset of the crisis in civil aviation caused by the spread of the COVID-19 disease and has also present the previous crises in the field of civil aviation, that had impact on civil aviation. In addition, this part of the article is focused on impacts of the coronacrisis on the condition of the civil aviation sector worldwide. The second chapter is devoted to some measures and methods proposed to mitigate the impacts of the coronacrisis on civil aviation and focuses and analyses some of the measures taken to mitigate the impact of the coronacrisis on the civil aviation. In the next chapter we describe the situation in the EU, subsequent legislation changes that were supposed to mitigate the situation as well as explaining the approach of individual EU member states to state aid towards air transport at present and the EU’s position on the issue. The fourth and last chapter describes the position of the Slovak Republic and the proposed solutions to the situation.Item PRÁVNA ÚPRAVA MEDZINÁRODNÉHO CIVILNÉHO LETECTVA(Žilinská univerzita v Žiline, 2020) Pudíková, Alžbeta; Novák Sedláčková, AlenaAviation is one of the most important types of transport and is one of the fastest growing sectors. Most civil flights are predominantly international in nature, which is an important factor in civil aviation legislation. Main aim of work is to analyse the legislation in civil aviation in the field of international aviation law. The work deals with the definition of the airspace as the space above the state land territory, internal and coastal waters, which is part of the state territory. Each state has complete and absolute sovereignty over the airspace above the territory of the state. The division of airspace, which is analysed in the article, is important for air traffic controllers and for providers of air navigation services. The legal norms that regulate the regime of flights over the defined territories of states are known as freedoms of the air. The authors acquaint the reader with the basic terms and definitions from the theory of law for a proper understanding of the international civil aviation law. We also analysed the most important legal aspects in the international civil aviation which are contained in bilateral conventions. At the end is a list of the most important conventions related to aviation law and protection against acts of unlawful interference. The article concludes with the Slovak Aviation Act as the most important national civil aviation law in the Slovak republic country.